Public Health Observatory, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales.
School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2018 Apr;42(2):180-185. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12753. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
To determine age group- and cause-of-death-specific contributions to area socioeconomic status (SES), sex and remoteness life expectancy inequalities.
Mortality and estimated residential population data from New South Wales, Australia, over 2010-2012 was used to calculate life expectancy. Inequalities by sociodemographic groups were partitioned into age group- and cause-of-death-specific contributions.
The largest contributions to SES differentials in life expectancy were observed at 60-84 years of age; for cancer, cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory causes of death; and additionally external causes of death for males. Sex inequalities ranged from 3.6 to 5.2 years, with common causes of death such as cardiovascular disease and cancer in late adulthood (60+ years) accounting for the bulk of the differences. Smaller differences in life expectancy were observed by remoteness, with the largest contributions observed in ages 85 years and above, and for cardiovascular, mental, cancer and external causes of death.
Common causes of death in late adulthood accounted for the bulk of life expectancy inequalities. Implications for public health: Development of policy and interventions aimed at addressing social determinants, such as proposed by the WHO's Global Plan of Action, are needed to help reduce sociodemographic inequalities in lifespan.
确定年龄组和死因特异性对地区社会经济状况（SES）、性别和偏远地区预期寿命不平等的贡献。
使用澳大利亚新南威尔士州 2010-2012 年的死亡率和估计的居住人口数据来计算预期寿命。按社会人口统计学分组的不平等情况分为年龄组和死因特异性贡献。
在 60-84 岁年龄组；癌症、心血管、内分泌和呼吸系统死亡原因；以及男性的外部死亡原因，SES 差异对预期寿命的影响最大。性别不平等的范围从 3.6 到 5.2 年，成年后期（60 岁以上）常见的死因，如心血管疾病和癌症，占大部分差异。偏远地区的预期寿命差异较小，在 85 岁及以上年龄组以及心血管、精神、癌症和外部死亡原因方面观察到最大的差异。
成年后期常见的死因导致了预期寿命不平等的大部分。对公共卫生的影响：需要制定旨在解决社会决定因素的政策和干预措施，如世界卫生组织的《全球行动计划》所建议的那样，以帮助减少社会人口统计学上的寿命不平等。
