Nithya Devanesan Jacinth, Bhavani Ramanathapuram Vaidyanathan
Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Tamil Nadu, India. Email:
Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Tamil Nadu, India.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27(2):413-420. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.032017.23.
Dietary diversity plays a critical role in infants as they need energy and nutrient dense foods for both physical and mental development. This study examines whether three dietary diversity indices validate against Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) and studies the relationship of dietary diversity with nutritional status of preschool children, in two districts of India: Wardha district in Maharashtra state and Koraput district in Odisha state.
Dietary diversity was calculated using: individual food scores calculated using 24 hour diet recall (FS24hr) data; household dietary diversity using Berry's index (DDI) and food scores calculated using food frequency data (FSFFQ). Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric indices.
It was observed that 42.7% of 1 to 5 years children were underweight, 38% stunted and 27.6% wasted across both locations. The dietary diversity was found to be relatively better in Wardha when compared with Koraput with mean diversity of FS24hr 7, DDI 90 and FSFFQ 63 in both locations. Preschool children in both locations consumed a cereal based diet. Apart from protein in both locations and energy in Koraput, the NAR of all nutrients consumed was <70% of requirement. MAR showed lower consumption of nutrients than the recommended levels (50% adequacy). NAR and MAR correlate with FS24hr indicating that dietary diversity calculated using 24 hour diet recall ensures nutrient adequacy but showed association only with Height-for-Age scores.
Dietary diversity calculated using three methods did not show any correlation with nutritional status of 1 to 5 years children.
饮食多样性对婴儿至关重要，因为他们的身心发育需要能量和营养密集型食物。本研究在印度的两个地区，即马哈拉施特拉邦的瓦尔达区和奥里萨邦的科拉普特区，检验三种饮食多样性指数是否能根据营养充足率（NAR）和平均充足率（MAR）得到验证，并研究饮食多样性与学龄前儿童营养状况之间的关系。
饮食多样性通过以下方式计算：使用24小时饮食回顾（FS24hr）数据计算个体食物得分；使用贝里指数（DDI）计算家庭饮食多样性；使用食物频率数据（FSFFQ）计算食物得分。通过人体测量指数评估营养状况。
在两个地区，观察到1至5岁儿童中有42.7%体重不足，38%发育迟缓，27.6%消瘦。与科拉普特相比，瓦尔达的饮食多样性相对较好，两个地区FS24hr的平均多样性为7，DDI为90，FSFFQ为63。两个地区的学龄前儿童都食用以谷物为主的饮食。除了两个地区的蛋白质以及科拉普特的能量外，所有摄入营养素的NAR均低于需求量的70%。MAR显示营养素摄入量低于推荐水平（充足率为50%）。NAR和MAR与FS24hr相关，表明使用24小时饮食回顾计算的饮食多样性可确保营养充足，但仅与年龄别身高得分相关。
使用三种方法计算的饮食多样性与1至5岁儿童的营养状况没有任何相关性。
