Steyn N P, Nel J H, Nantel G, Kennedy G, Labadarios D
Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
Public Health Nutr. 2006 Aug;9(5):644-50. doi: 10.1079/phn2005912.
To assess whether a food variety score (FVS) and/or a dietary diversity score (DDS) are good indicators of nutrient adequacy of the diet of South African children.
Secondary data analyses were undertaken with nationally representative data of 1-8-year-old children (n = 2200) studied in the National Food Consumption Study in 1999. An average FVS (mean number of different food items consumed from all possible items eaten) and DDS (mean number of food groups out of nine possible groups) were calculated. A nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) is the ratio of a subject's nutrient intake to the estimated average requirement calculated using the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (2002) recommended nutrient intakes for children. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated as the sum of NARs for all evaluated nutrients divided by the number of nutrients evaluated, expressed as a percentage. MAR was used as a composite indicator for micronutrient adequacy. Pearson correlation coefficients between FVS, DDS and MAR were calculated and also evaluated for sensitivity and specificity, with MAR taken as the ideal standard of adequate intake. The relationships between MAR and DDS and between anthropometric Z-scores and DDS were also evaluated.
The children had a mean FVS of 5.5 (standard deviation (SD) 2.5) and a mean DDS of 3.6 (SD 1.4). The mean MAR (ideal = 100%) was 50%, and was lowest (45%) in the 7-8-year-old group. The items with the highest frequency of consumption were from the cereal, roots and tuber group (99.6%), followed by the 'other group' (87.6%) comprising items such as tea, sugar, jam and sweets. The dairy group was consumed by 55.8%, meat group by 54.1%, fats by 38.9%, other vegetables by 30.8%, vitamin-A-rich by 23.8%, other fruit by 22%, legumes and nuts by 19.7% and eggs by 13.3%. There was a high correlation between MAR and both FVS (r = 0.726; P < 0.0001) and DDS (r = 0.657; P < 0.0001), indicating that either FVS or DDS can be used as an indicator of the micronutrient adequacy of the diet. Furthermore, MAR, DDS and FVS showed significant correlations with height-for-age and weight-for-age Z-scores, indicating a strong relationship between dietary diversity and indicators of child growth. A DDS of 4 and an FVS of 6 were shown to be the best indicators of MAR less than 50%, since they provided the best sensitivity and specificity.
Either FVS or DDS can be used as a simple and quick indicator of the micronutrient adequacy of the diet.
评估食物种类评分（FVS）和/或饮食多样性评分（DDS）是否是南非儿童饮食营养充足的良好指标。
利用1999年全国食物消费研究中具有全国代表性的1 - 8岁儿童数据（n = 2200）进行二次数据分析。计算平均FVS（从所有可能食用的食物种类中摄入的不同食物种类的平均数）和DDS（从九个可能的食物组中摄入的食物组的平均数）。营养充足率（NAR）是个体营养素摄入量与使用联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织（2002年）推荐的儿童营养素摄入量计算得出的估计平均需求量的比值。平均充足率（MAR）计算为所有评估营养素的NAR之和除以评估的营养素数量，并以百分比表示。MAR用作微量营养素充足的综合指标。计算FVS、DDS与MAR之间的Pearson相关系数，并以MAR作为充足摄入的理想标准评估其敏感性和特异性。还评估了MAR与DDS之间以及人体测量Z评分与DDS之间的关系。
儿童的平均FVS为5.5（标准差（SD）2.5），平均DDS为3.6（SD 1.4）。平均MAR（理想值 = 100%）为50%，在7 - 8岁组中最低（45%）。消费频率最高的食物种类来自谷物、块根和块茎组（99.6%），其次是“其他组”（87.6%），包括茶、糖、果酱和糖果等食物。55.8%的儿童食用了乳制品组，54.1%的儿童食用了肉类组，38.9%的儿童食用了脂肪类，30.8%的儿童食用了其他蔬菜，23.8%的儿童食用了富含维生素A的食物，22%的儿童食用了其他水果，19.7%的儿童食用了豆类和坚果，13.3%的儿童食用了蛋类。MAR与FVS（r = 0.726；P < 0.0001）和DDS（r = 0.657；P < 。0001）均高度相关，表明FVS或DDS均可作为饮食中微量营养素充足的指标。此外，MAR、DDS和FVS与年龄别身高和年龄别体重Z评分均呈显著相关，表明饮食多样性与儿童生长指标之间存在密切关系。DDS为4和FVS为6被证明是MAR低于50%的最佳指标，因为它们具有最佳的敏感性和特异性。
FVS或DDS均可作为饮食中微量营养素充足的简单快速指标。
