Monge-Rojas Rafael, Vargas-Quesada Rulamán, Marrón-Ponce Joaquín Alejandro, Sánchez-Pimienta Tania G, Batis Carolina, Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia
Nutrition and Health Unit, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Ministry of Health, Tres Ríos 4-2250, Costa Rica.
Nutrition and Health Research Center (CINyS), National Institute of Public Health, Mexico (INSP), Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
Children (Basel). 2024 Jan 3;11(1):64. doi: 10.3390/children11010064.
Diet diversity becomes especially relevant during adolescence to satisfy the adequate micronutrient intake. Diet diversity (DD) and micronutrient probability of adequacy (PA) were studied in 818 Costa Rican (CR) and 1202 Mexican (MX) adolescents aged 13-18 years. DD was compared using the Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) score. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to identify the optimal MDD for each sample from the respective countries. The mean MDD for the overall CR sample was 4.17 ± 1.43 points, and for the MX sample, the mean MDD was 4.68 ± 1.48 points. The proportion of adolescents with a DD was significantly higher in Costa Rica than in Mexico (66.5% vs. 55.6%; < 0.0001). Also, DD was higher in rural Costa Rican adolescents, while no difference was found in the MX adolescents by area of residence. CR adolescents reported significantly higher PA than MX participants for 6 of the 11 micronutrients assessed. The calcium PA in MX adolescents was significantly higher than in the CR sample (MX: 0.84 vs. CR: 0.03; < 0.0001), while low PA was obtained for iron in both countries (CR: 0.01 vs. MX: 0.07; < 0.0001). In Costa Rica and Mexico, nutritional interventions and assessing the compliance of food-fortifying programs are needed to improve the PA of diverse micronutrients.
在青春期，饮食多样性对于满足充足的微量营养素摄入尤为重要。对818名年龄在13至18岁的哥斯达黎加青少年和1202名墨西哥青少年的饮食多样性（DD）和微量营养素充足概率（PA）进行了研究。使用最低饮食多样性（MDD）评分来比较饮食多样性。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线来确定来自各自国家的每个样本的最佳MDD。哥斯达黎加总体样本的平均MDD为4.17±1.43分，墨西哥样本的平均MDD为4.68±1.48分。哥斯达黎加青少年中饮食多样的比例显著高于墨西哥（66.5%对55.6%；<0.0001）。此外，哥斯达黎加农村青少年的饮食多样性更高，而墨西哥青少年在居住地区方面未发现差异。在评估的11种微量营养素中，哥斯达黎加青少年报告的PA显著高于墨西哥参与者。墨西哥青少年的钙PA显著高于哥斯达黎加样本（墨西哥：0.84对哥斯达黎加：0.03；<0.0001），而两国铁的PA都较低（哥斯达黎加：0.01对墨西哥：0.07；<0.0001）。在哥斯达黎加和墨西哥，需要进行营养干预并评估食品强化计划的合规性，以提高多种微量营养素的PA。
