Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Biochem Zusatzstoffe GmbH, D-Lohne, Germany.
J Anim Sci. 2018 Feb 15;96(1):194-205. doi: 10.1093/jas/skx031.
Two feeding trials were conducted to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed (HY) or non-hydrolyzed (NHY) yeast (Kluyveromyces fragilis) in isoenergetic and isonitrogeneous diets in the postweaning period. In experiment 1, a total of 550 unsexed pigs (6.5 ± 0.5 kg BW), weaned at 24 ± 2 d of age, were allocated to five treatment groups, receiving either a control diet (CON) or diets with 1%, 3%, and 5% HY (groups HY1, HY3, and HY5, respectively), or a diet with 3% NHY (group NHY3). In experiment 2, a total of 48 male and female pigs (6.2 ± 0.3 kg BW, weaned at d 25) were allocated to three dietary groups (n = 8 replicates with two pigs) receiving a control diet (CON) or diets with 1% NHY or 1% HY. Eight animals were sacrificed 2 wk after weaning for histological investigations in the jejunum and colon, determination of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and ether extract (EE), and electrophysiological measurements in the jejunal tissue after addition of carbachol or l-glutamine using Ussing chambers. In experiment 1, different treatments had no significant effect on pig performance, but diet HY1 tended to increase ADG and G:F in wk 2 after weaning (P < 0.1). In experiment 2, diet HY1 increased feed intake in wk 2 (P < 0.05), whereas NHY yeast had no effect on feed intake. Villus height, villus/crypt ratio in jejunum (P < 0.05), and crypt depth in colon (P < 0.01) were increased in group HY1. Crypt depth in jejunum and small intestinal length were not affected by different treatments. The AID of CP and EE tended to increase in group HY1 (P < 0.1) compared with groups CON and NHY. In the Ussing chamber experiments, no changes in basal electrophysiological parameters were observed, and the reactions of the treatment groups to carbachol and l-glutamine were comparable. ADFI was positively correlated with different parameters of intestinal morphology (villus height, villus/crypt ratio, crypt depth in colon, length of small intestine), AID of CP, EE, and performance. The results suggest that a supplementation of 1% HY based on K. fragilis to pig diets may positively influence ADFI and intestinal morphology in pig in the early postweaning period (d 1 to 14).
进行了两项饲养试验，以研究在断奶后阶段，能量和氮平衡的日粮中添加水解（HY）或非水解（NHY）酵母（脆壁克鲁维酵母）对猪的影响。在试验 1 中，将 550 头未去势的仔猪（6.5±0.5kgBW），于 24±2 日龄断奶，随机分为 5 个处理组，分别饲喂基础日粮（CON）或添加 1%、3%和 5%HY 的日粮（HY1、HY3 和 HY5 组），或添加 3%NHY 的日粮（NHY3 组）。在试验 2 中，将 48 头公母仔猪（6.2±0.3kgBW，25 日龄断奶）随机分为 3 个日粮组（每组 8 个重复，每个重复 2 头猪），分别饲喂基础日粮（CON）或添加 1%NHY 或 1%HY 的日粮。断奶后 2 周，8 头仔猪处死，用于空肠和回肠的组织学研究，测定 CP 和乙醚提取物（EE）的表观回肠消化率（AID），并用 Ussing 室在添加 carbachol 或 l-谷氨酰胺后测量空肠组织的电生理。在试验 1 中，不同处理对猪的生产性能没有显著影响，但日粮 HY1 组在断奶后第 2 周时 ADG 和 G:F 有增加的趋势（P＜0.1）。在试验 2 中，日粮 HY1 组在第 2 周时采食量增加（P＜0.05），而 NHY 酵母对采食量没有影响。HY1 组空肠的绒毛高度、绒毛/隐窝比（P＜0.05）和回肠隐窝深度（P＜0.01）增加，而不同处理对空肠和小肠长度的隐窝深度没有影响。与 CON 和 NHY 组相比，HY1 组 CP 和 EE 的 AID 有增加的趋势（P＜0.1）。Ussing 室实验中，基础电生理参数没有变化，各处理组对 carbachol 和 l-谷氨酰胺的反应相似。ADFI 与空肠和回肠的不同形态学参数（绒毛高度、绒毛/隐窝比、回肠隐窝深度、小肠长度）、CP 和 EE 的 AID 以及生产性能呈正相关。结果表明，在断奶后早期（第 1 天至第 14 天），在猪日粮中添加基于脆壁克鲁维酵母的 1%HY 可能会对 ADFI 和猪的肠道形态产生积极影响。
