Li Hongxia, Hansen Andrew R, McGalliard Zachary, Gover Laura, Yan Fei, Zhang Jian
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Matern Child Health J. 2018 May;22(5):685-693. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-2437-x.
Objective Current report assessed the trends in smoking prevalence and the percentage of smoking cessation during pregnancy among women from three major races/ethnicities. Methods Data were collected between 1999 and 2014 from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Smoking habits of women while pregnant with the child sampled by NHANES were assessed retrospectively. A total of 28,090 women who gave live birth between 1985 and 2014 were included. The prevalence ratios (PRs) of smoking and quitting smoking during pregnancy were calculated. The adjusted annual prevalence ratio (aaPR: the ratio associated with a 1-year increase in time) was estimated using logistic regression with the year of birth as a predictor. Results With child's race/ethnicity, gender, and mother's age controlled, the aaPR of smoking was 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.92-0.97) for Hispanics, 0.96 (0.94-0.98) for whites, and 0.98 (0.94-1.00) for blacks. The aaPR of quitting smoking was 1.09 (1.02-1.16) for Hispanics, 1.01 (0.97-1.06) for whites, and 1.03 (0.95-1.12) for blacks. Compared with the counterparts aged 35 years or older, pregnant women younger than 20 years were more likely to smoke among whites [PR 1.56 (1.07-2.29)] but less likely among blacks [PR 0.37 (0.26-0.52)]. Conclusions for Practice Smoking prevalence has been declining continuously for all but at different rates among three major races/ethnicities. The risk profiles of smoking during pregnancy were race/ethnicity specific. Culturally appropriate programs should be developed to further reduce the maternal smoking during pregnancy.
目的 本报告评估了来自三个主要种族/族裔的女性吸烟率趋势以及孕期戒烟率。方法 数据收集于1999年至2014年期间持续进行的美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）。对NHANES抽样的女性孕期吸烟习惯进行回顾性评估。纳入了1985年至2014年间共28,090名活产女性。计算孕期吸烟和戒烟的患病率比值（PRs）。使用以出生年份为预测变量的逻辑回归估计调整后的年度患病率比值（aaPR：与时间增加1年相关的比值）。结果 在控制了孩子的种族/族裔、性别和母亲年龄后，西班牙裔女性吸烟的aaPR为0.95（95%置信区间0.92 - 0.97），白人女性为0.96（0.94 - 0.98），黑人女性为0.98（0.94 - 1.00）。西班牙裔女性戒烟的aaPR为1.09（1.02 - 1.16），白人女性为1.01（0.97 - 1.06），黑人女性为1.03（0.95 - 1.12）。与35岁及以上的女性相比，20岁以下的孕妇在白人中吸烟可能性更大[PR 1.56（1.07 - 2.29）]，而在黑人中吸烟可能性更小[PR 0.37（0.26 - 0.52）]。实践结论 除了三个主要种族/族裔下降速度不同外，吸烟率一直在持续下降。孕期吸烟的风险特征因种族/族裔而异。应制定适合文化背景的项目，以进一步降低孕期母亲吸烟率。
