CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
School of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Feb 5;15(2):273. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020273.
As urbanization progresses, increasingly impervious surfaces have changed the hydrological processes in cities and resulted in a major challenge for urban stormwater control. This study uses the urban stormwater model to evaluate the performance and costs of low impact development (LID) scenarios in a micro urban catchment. Rainfall-runoff data of three rainfall events were used for model calibration and validation. The pre-developed (PreDev) scenario, post-developed (PostDev) scenario, and three LID scenarios were used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID measures. Using reduction in annual runoff as the goal, the best solutions for each LID scenario were selected using cost-effectiveness curves. The simulation results indicated that the three designed LID scenarios could effectively reduce annual runoff volumes and pollutant loads compared with the PostDev scenario. The most effective scenario (MaxPerf) reduced annual runoff by 53.4%, followed by the sponge city (SpoPerf, 51.5%) and economy scenarios (EcoPerf, 43.1%). The runoff control efficiency of the MaxPerf and SpoPerf scenarios increased by 23.9% and 19.5%, respectively, when compared with the EcoPerf scenario; however, the costs increased by 104% and 83.6%. The reduction rates of four pollutants (TSS, TN, TP, and COD) under the MaxPerf scenario were 59.8-61.1%, followed by SpoPerf (53.9-58.3%) and EcoPerf (42.3-45.4%), and the costs of the three scenarios were 3.74, 3.47, and 1.83 million yuan, respectively. These results can provide guidance to urban stormwater managers in future urban planning to improve urban water security.
随着城市化进程的推进，越来越多的不透水面改变了城市的水文过程，给城市雨水控制带来了重大挑战。本研究使用城市雨水模型评估微观城市流域中低影响开发（LID）方案的性能和成本。使用三次降雨事件的降雨径流数据进行模型校准和验证。使用预开发（PreDev）情景、开发后（PostDev）情景和三个 LID 情景来评估 LID 措施的水文性能。使用减少年径流量作为目标，使用成本效益曲线为每个 LID 情景选择最佳解决方案。模拟结果表明，与 PostDev 情景相比，三个设计的 LID 情景可以有效减少年径流量和污染物负荷。最有效的情景（MaxPerf）减少了 53.4%的年径流量，其次是海绵城市（SpoPerf，51.5%）和经济情景（EcoPerf，43.1%）。与 EcoPerf 情景相比，MaxPerf 和 SpoPerf 情景的径流控制效率分别提高了 23.9%和 19.5%，但成本分别增加了 104%和 83.6%。在 MaxPerf 情景下，四种污染物（TSS、TN、TP 和 COD）的去除率为 59.8-61.1%，其次是 SpoPerf（53.9-58.3%）和 EcoPerf（42.3-45.4%），三个情景的成本分别为 374 万元、347 万元和 183 万元。这些结果可以为城市雨水管理者在未来的城市规划中提供指导，以提高城市水安全。
