Dixon P
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1986 May;12(2):133-48. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.12.2.133.
When a single target was displayed 100-200 ms after a five-item array, observers were remarkably poor at deciding whether or not the target was in the array; performance was much better when the target either preceded the array or followed it by a longer interval. This effect was independent of a number of visual display parameters, suggesting that it was not due to visual contour interaction. In addition, visual similarity did not interact with the effect, indicating that it probably did not occur during item identification either. However, when observers added one to a digit target before deciding whether it occurred in the array, the effect was substantially reduced. The results suggested a model in which abstract identity information about the target is confused with the array at certain temporal intervals. A quantitative version of this model fit the data quite well.
当一个单一目标在一个五项阵列之后100 - 200毫秒显示时，观察者在判断该目标是否在阵列中时表现得非常差；当目标在阵列之前出现或在其后较长时间间隔出现时，表现要好得多。这种效应与许多视觉显示参数无关，这表明它不是由于视觉轮廓相互作用。此外，视觉相似性与该效应没有相互作用，这表明它可能也不是在项目识别过程中发生的。然而，当观察者在判断数字目标是否出现在阵列中之前对其加一时，这种效应会大幅降低。结果提出了一个模型，在该模型中，关于目标的抽象身份信息在某些时间间隔与阵列混淆。该模型的定量版本与数据拟合得相当好。
