Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo.
Department of Oral Surgery, Ichigao Carillon Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
Clin Interv Aging. 2018 Jan 22;13:125-131. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S152821. eCollection 2018.
This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of a high-speed jaw-opening exercise, which targets the contraction of fast-twitch muscle fibers, in improving swallowing function.
Twenty-one subjects (mean age 74.0±5.7 years) with dysphagia-related symptoms, such as coughing or choking during eating, performed the exercise. None of the included subjects had neurological symptoms or history of surgery that could cause significant dysphagia. All subjects took regular meals, and maintained independent activities of daily life. The exercise schedule consisted of 3 sets of 20 repetitions each of rapid and maximum jaw-opening movement with a 10-second interval between sets. The exercise was performed twice daily for 4 weeks.
Following the intervention, there was a significant increase in the vertical position of the hyoid bone at rest. Furthermore, during swallowing, the elevation of the hyoid bone and the velocity of its movement and esophageal sphincter opening increased significantly while the duration of the hyoid elevation and the pharyngeal transit time reduced significantly.
Our results demonstrated that high-speed jaw-opening exercise resulted in increased elevation velocity of the hyoid bone during swallowing, indicating its role in effectively strengthening the fast-twitch muscle fibers of suprahyoid muscles. Furthermore, since the rest position of the hyoid bone appeared to have improved, this exercise may be especially useful in elderly individuals with a lower position of the hyoid bone at rest and those with decreased elevation of the hyoid bone during swallowing, which are known to be associated with an increased risk of aspiration.
本研究旨在探讨高速张口运动的有效性，该运动针对快肌纤维的收缩，以改善吞咽功能。
21 名有吞咽相关症状（如进食时咳嗽或窒息）的受试者参与了这项研究。所有纳入的受试者均无神经症状或可能导致明显吞咽困难的手术史。所有受试者均正常进食，并保持日常生活活动的独立性。运动方案包括 3 组，每组 20 次快速和最大张口运动，组间间隔 10 秒。运动每天进行两次，持续 4 周。
干预后，舌骨在休息时的垂直位置显著升高。此外，在吞咽过程中，舌骨的抬高以及其运动和食管括约肌的开启速度显著增加，而舌骨抬高的持续时间和咽通过时间显著缩短。
我们的结果表明，高速张口运动导致吞咽时舌骨抬高速度增加，表明其有效增强了舌骨上肌群的快肌纤维。此外，由于舌骨的休息位置似乎有所改善，因此对于休息时舌骨位置较低以及吞咽时舌骨抬高幅度降低的老年人，这种运动可能特别有用，因为这些人存在增加误吸风险。
