Mennitti Laís Vales, Oyama Lila Missae, Santamarina Aline Boveto, do Nascimento Claudia Maria da Penha Oller, Pisani Luciana Pellegrini
PhD Program 'Interdisciplinar in Health Sciences', Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Inflamm Res. 2018 Jan 18;11:11-24. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S152326. eCollection 2018.
Maternal diet composition of fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation seems to modify the fetal programming, epigenetic pattern and offspring phenotype.
Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal consumption of normal-fat diets with distinct lipid sources during pregnancy and lactation on the somatic development and proinflammatory status of 21-day-old rat offspring.
On the first day of pregnancy, female Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: soybean oil (M-SO), lard (M-L), hydrogenated vegetable fat (M-HVF) and fish oil (M-FO). Diets were maintained during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring constituted the SO, L, HVF and FO groups. Pups were weighed and measured weekly. Lipopolysaccharide serum concentration was determined. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in the liver were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver gene expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expressions in the liver were analyzed by Western blotting.
We observed an increase in body weight and adiposity in L and HVF groups. Moreover, HVF group showed an increase in the toll-like receptor 4 mRNA levels, IL10Rα and phosphorylated form of IκB kinase (IKK; p-IKKα+β) protein expression. The FO group presented a decrease in body weight, relative weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue, ADIPOR2 gene expression, lipopolysaccharide and p-IKKα+β and phosphorylated form of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFκB) p50 (p-NFκB p50) protein expression.
Summarily, whereas maternal intake of normal-fat diets based on L and HVF appear to affect the somatic development negatively, only early exposure to HVF impairs the pups' proinflammatory status. In contrast, maternal diets based on FO during pregnancy and lactation have been more beneficial to the adiposity and toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway of the 21-day-old rat offspring, particularly when compared to L or HVF diets.
孕期和哺乳期母体饮食中的脂肪酸组成似乎会改变胎儿编程、表观遗传模式和后代表型。
在此，我们研究了孕期和哺乳期母体食用含有不同脂质来源的正常脂肪饮食对21日龄大鼠后代的身体发育和促炎状态的影响。
在怀孕第一天，将雌性Wistar大鼠分为四组如下：大豆油组（M-SO）、猪油组（M-L）、氢化植物油组（M-HVF）和鱼油组（M-FO）。在孕期和哺乳期维持这些饮食。雄性后代构成SO、L、HVF和FO组。每周对幼崽进行称重和测量。测定脂多糖血清浓度。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法评估肝脏中的肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素（IL）-6和IL-10。通过实时聚合酶链反应测定肝脏基因表达。通过蛋白质印迹法分析肝脏中的蛋白质表达。
我们观察到L组和HVF组的体重和肥胖程度增加。此外，HVF组的Toll样受体4 mRNA水平、IL10Rα和IκB激酶（IKK；p-IKKα+β）蛋白表达的磷酸化形式增加。FO组的体重、腹膜后脂肪组织相对重量、ADIPOR2基因表达、脂多糖以及p-IKKα+β和核转录因子κB（NFκB）p50（p-NFκB p50）蛋白表达的磷酸化形式均降低。
总之，基于L和HVF的母体正常脂肪饮食摄入似乎对身体发育有负面影响，只有早期接触HVF会损害幼崽的促炎状态。相比之下，孕期和哺乳期基于FO的母体饮食对21日龄大鼠后代的肥胖和Toll样受体4信号通路更有益，特别是与L或HVF饮食相比时。
