Seroepidemiology of Infection with , and Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Water Buffaloes in Veracruz, Mexico.

We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of infection with , and bovine herpesvirus type 1 and risk factors associated with these infections in water buffaloes in Veracruz State, Mexico. Through a cross-sectional study, 144 water buffaloes raised in 5 ranches of Veracruz were examined for anti-N. and anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1 antibodies by enzyme immunoassays, and antibodies by microscopic agglutination test. Of the 144 buffaloes studied, 35 (24.3%) were positive for , 50 (34.7%) for , and 83 (57.6%) for bovine herpes virus. The frequencies of leptospiral serovars in buffaloes were as follows: 18.7% for Muenchen ( = 27), 10.4% for Hardjo LT ( = 15), 9.0% for Pyrogenes ( = 13), and 4.8% for Icterohaemorrhagiae ( = 7). Seropositive buffaloes were found in all 5 ranches studied. Logistic regression showed that cohabitation of buffaloes with cows was associated with infection with (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-4.5; = 0.03) and bovine herpesvirus (OR, 12.0; 95% CI, 4.0-36.2; < 0.01). This is the first study that provides serological evidence of , and bovine herpesvirus type 1 infections in water buffaloes in Mexico. Our findings could be used to enhance preventive measures against these infections.