Lynch Wendy J, Abel Jean, Robinson Andrea M, Smith Mark A
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences University of Virginia: P.O. Box 801402, Charlottesville, VA 22904 434-243-0580 (phone); 434-973-7031 (fax).
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences University of Virginia; P.O. Box 801402, Charlottesville, VA 22904-1402 434) 243-5767 (phone); 434-973-7031 (fax).
Curr Addict Rep. 2017 Dec;4(4):467-481. doi: 10.1007/s40429-017-0177-4. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
Exercise is a promising treatment for substance use disorder that may reduce withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse. In this review, we discuss recent evidence from clinical and preclinical studies for its efficacy, from a behavioral to a molecular level, in order to understand the exercise conditions that lead to beneficial effects. We also highlight the few recent findings of sex-specific differences.
Clinical and preclinical findings show that exercise decreases withdrawal symptoms, including craving, in both males and females. Evidence from clinical studies support the efficacy of exercise to prevent relapse to smoking, although further research is needed to examine sex differences, establish long-term efficacy, and to determine if effects extend to other substance use disorders. Preclinical findings also support the potential utility of exercise to prevent relapse with evidence suggesting that its efficacy is enhanced in males, and mediated by blocking drug-induced adaptations that occur during early abstinence.
Sex differences and timing of exercise availability during abstinence should be considered in future studies examining exercise as an intervention for relapse. A better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of exercise to reduce withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse is needed to guide its development as a sex-specific treatment.
运动是一种有前景的物质使用障碍治疗方法，可能减轻戒断症状并预防复发。在本综述中，我们讨论了临床和临床前研究中关于运动从行为水平到分子水平的疗效的最新证据，以了解导致有益效果的运动条件。我们还强调了最近关于性别差异的一些研究发现。
临床和临床前研究结果表明，运动可减轻男性和女性的戒断症状，包括渴望。临床研究证据支持运动对预防吸烟复发的疗效，不过仍需进一步研究以检验性别差异、确定长期疗效，并判断其效果是否能扩展到其他物质使用障碍。临床前研究结果也支持运动预防复发的潜在效用，有证据表明其疗效在男性中增强，且是通过阻断早期戒断期间药物诱导的适应性变化来介导的。
在未来将运动作为复发干预措施的研究中，应考虑性别差异以及戒断期间运动可及性的时间。需要更好地理解运动减轻戒断症状和预防复发疗效背后的神经生物学机制，以指导其作为针对性别的治疗方法的发展。
