Lynch Wendy J, Robinson Andrea M, Abel Jean, Smith Mark A
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia: P.O. Box 801402, Charlottesville, VA 22904, 434-243-0580 (phone); 434-973-7031 (fax).
Postdoctoral Fellow of Psychology, Davidson College: Box 7136 Davidson, NC 28035, 704-894-3012 (phone); 704-894-2512 (fax).
Curr Addict Rep. 2017 Dec;4(4):455-466. doi: 10.1007/s40429-017-0178-3. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
This report provides an update on clinical and preclinical findings for the efficacy of exercise to prevent substance use disorder with a focus on recent evidence for sex differences and neurobiological mechanisms.
Exercise/physical activity is associated with decreased drug use in humans. Preclinical results further indicate that exercise decreases vulnerability to drug use and the development of features of substance use disorder, and suggest that females have an enhanced sensitivity to its reward-substitution effects. However, certain exercise conditions may sensitize the reward pathway and enhance vulnerability suggesting that parallel observations in humans (e.g., increased prescription opioid misuse and heroin use in high-school athletes) may be biologically-based.
Exercise is a promising prevention strategy for substance use disorder. Further work is needed to establish its efficacy as a sex-specific strategy using larger samples, and to understand the exercise conditions that induce beneficial versus risk-enhancing effects.
本报告提供了关于运动预防物质使用障碍疗效的临床和临床前研究结果的最新情况，重点关注性别差异和神经生物学机制的最新证据。
运动/体育活动与人类药物使用减少有关。临床前结果进一步表明，运动可降低对药物使用的易感性以及物质使用障碍特征的发展，并表明女性对其奖励替代效应具有更高的敏感性。然而，某些运动条件可能会使奖励途径敏感并增加易感性，这表明在人类中类似的观察结果（例如，高中运动员中处方阿片类药物滥用和海洛因使用增加）可能有生物学基础。
运动是一种有前景的物质使用障碍预防策略。需要进一步开展工作，以使用更大的样本确定其作为性别特异性策略的疗效，并了解诱导有益和风险增强效应的运动条件。
