Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Microb Pathog. 2018 Mar;116:227-236. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4 T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4 T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）是最常见的人类病原体之一，这种细菌的持续感染会导致常见的病理，如胃炎或消化性溃疡，以及不太常见但更严重的病理，如胃癌或胃黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤。H. pylori 引起的胃肠道感染的临床结果取决于细菌的毒力因素和宿主因素之间的相互作用，包括免疫反应基因。尽管 H. pylori 诱导了强烈的免疫反应，但细菌并没有被消除。根除失败可能归因于细菌调节辅助性 T（Th）细胞相关反应的能力。H. pylori 特异性 CD4 T 细胞在调节宿主免疫和免疫病理事件中发挥着重要作用。有文献记载，Th1、Th2、Th9、Th17、Th22 和调节性 T（Treg）细胞分别或协同作用，可以影响 H. pylori 持续感染的结果。一些研究表明，Th1 和 Th17 细胞可能具有保护或致病性，而 Treg 和 Th2 细胞在 H. pylori 感染期间发挥抗炎作用。本综述收集了关于 CD4 T 细胞介导的免疫反应与 H. pylori 感染临床后果之间关联的最新信息。
