Noda Mami
Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Vitam Horm. 2018;106:313-331. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
The endocrine system and the central nervous system (CNS) are intimately linked. Among hormones closely related to the nervous system, thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and neuroglia and hence for development and function of the CNS. T3 (3,3',5-triiodothyronine), an active form of TH, is important not only for neuronal development but also for differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and for microglial development. In adult brain, T3 affects glial morphology with sex- and age-dependent manner and therefore may affect their function, leading to influence on neuron-glia interaction. T3 is an important signaling factor that affects microglial functions such as migration and phagocytosis via complex mechanisms. Therefore, dysfunction of THs may impair glial function as well as neuronal function and thus disturb the brain, which may cause mental disorders. Investigations on molecular and cellular basis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism will help us to understand changes in neuron-glia interaction and therefore consequent psychiatric symptoms.
内分泌系统与中枢神经系统（CNS）紧密相连。在与神经系统密切相关的激素中，甲状腺激素（THs）对于神经元和神经胶质细胞的发育与分化调节至关重要，因而对中枢神经系统的发育和功能也至关重要。T3（3,3',5-三碘甲状腺原氨酸）是TH的一种活性形式，不仅对神经元发育很重要，而且对星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的分化以及小胶质细胞的发育也很重要。在成人大脑中，T3以性别和年龄依赖的方式影响胶质细胞形态，因此可能影响其功能，进而影响神经元与胶质细胞的相互作用。T3是一个重要的信号因子，通过复杂机制影响小胶质细胞的迁移和吞噬等功能。因此，THs功能障碍可能损害胶质细胞功能以及神经元功能，从而扰乱大脑，这可能导致精神障碍。对甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能减退的分子和细胞基础进行研究，将有助于我们了解神经元与胶质细胞相互作用的变化以及随之而来的精神症状。
