Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Apr;87:27-37. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.012. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
A great deal of research aims to identify risk factors related to individual vulnerability to develop stress-induced psychopathologies. Here, we summarize evidence that point at anxiety trait as a significant contributor to inter-individual differences in stress-vulnerability. Specifically, we underscore high anxiety trait as a key vulnerability phenotype. Highly anxious individuals show both behavioral alterations and cognitive deficits, along with more reactive physiological stress responses. We discuss efforts and progress towards the identification of genetic variants and polygenetic scores that explain differences in trait anxiety and vulnerability to stress. We then summarize molecular alterations in the brain of individuals with high anxiety trait that can help explaining the increased vulnerability to stress of these individuals. Variation in such systems can act as risk factors, which in combination with severe/prolonged stressful life events can pave the way towards the development of depression. Our viewpoint implies that the consideration of high anxiety trait as a key vulnerability phenotype in stress research can support the overall aim to obtain improved or novel therapeutic approaches.
大量研究旨在确定与个体易感性相关的风险因素，以研究应激诱导的精神病理学。在这里，我们总结了一些证据，表明焦虑特质是个体对压力易感性差异的重要贡献因素。具体来说，我们强调高度焦虑特质是一种关键的脆弱表型。高度焦虑的个体表现出行为改变和认知缺陷，以及更强烈的生理应激反应。我们讨论了在确定遗传变异和多基因评分以解释特质焦虑和对压力易感性差异方面所做的努力和取得的进展。然后，我们总结了具有高度焦虑特质的个体大脑中的分子改变，这些改变可以帮助解释这些个体对压力的易感性增加。这些系统的变化可以作为风险因素，与严重/长期的生活压力事件结合，可能会导致抑郁的发生。我们的观点表明，将高度焦虑特质视为压力研究中的关键脆弱表型，可以支持获得改善或新颖的治疗方法的总体目标。
