因布隆伯格道路安全计划而产生的法律法规拯救了生命。
Lives saved by laws and regulations that resulted from the Bloomberg road safety program.
机构信息
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, USA; Curtin University School of Public Health, Perth, Australia.
Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
出版信息
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Apr;113:131-136. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.014. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate lives saved during 2008-2023 by traffic safety laws passed in six developing countries while participating in the Bloomberg Road Safety Program (BRSP).
METHODS
BRSP-funded local staff identified relevant laws and described enforcement to the study team. We analyzed road crash death estimates for 2004-2013 from the Global Burden of Disease and projected estimates absent intervention forward to 2023. We amalgamated developing country and US literature to estimate crash death reductions by country resulting from laws governing drink driving, motorcycle helmets, safety belt use, and traffic fines.
RESULTS
BRSP helped win approval of traffic safety laws in Brazil, China, Kenya, Mexico, Turkey, and Vietnam. In 2008-2013, those laws saved an estimated 19,000 lives. Many laws only took effect in 2014. The laws will save an estimated 90,000 lives in 2014-2023. Of the 109,000 lives saved, drink driving laws will account for 84%, increased motorcyclist protection for 13%, increased fines and penalty points for 2%, and safety belt usage mandates for 1%. Drink driving reductions in China will account for 56% of the savings and reduced drink driving and motorcycling deaths in Vietnam for 35%. The savings in China will result from a narrow intervention with just 4% estimated effectiveness against drink driving deaths. As a percentage of deaths anticipated without BRSP effort, the largest reductions will be 11% in Vietnam and 5% in Kenya.
CONCLUSIONS
Viewed as a public health measure, improving traffic safety provided large health gains in developing nations.
目的
参与彭博道路安全计划（BRSP）期间，估算六个发展中国家通过的交通安全法在 2008 年至 2023 年期间挽救的生命。
方法
BRSP 资助的当地工作人员确定了相关法律，并向研究小组描述了执法情况。我们分析了 2004 年至 2013 年全球疾病负担研究中道路碰撞死亡估计数，并对没有干预的情况下到 2023 年的估计数进行了预测。我们综合了发展中国家和美国的文献，以估算因管理酒后驾车、骑摩托车戴头盔、系安全带和交通罚款的法律而使各国车祸死亡人数减少的情况。
结果
BRSP 帮助巴西、中国、肯尼亚、墨西哥、土耳其和越南批准了交通安全法。在 2008 年至 2013 年期间，这些法律估计挽救了 19000 人的生命。许多法律仅在 2014 年生效。这些法律将在 2014 年至 2023 年期间估计挽救 90000 条生命。在挽救的 109000 条生命中，酒后驾车法将占 84%，增加对骑摩托车者的保护占 13%，增加罚款和记分点占 2%，强制使用安全带占 1%。中国酒后驾车减少将占挽救生命数的 56%，越南减少酒后驾车和骑摩托车死亡将占 35%。中国的挽救生命数将源于一项仅针对酒后驾车死亡的 4%估计效果的狭义干预措施。按没有 BRSP 努力情况下预计死亡数的百分比计算，降幅最大的是越南的 11%和肯尼亚的 5%。
结论
从公共卫生措施的角度来看，改善交通安全为发展中国家带来了巨大的健康收益。
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