Hamo Naama, Abramovitch Amitai, Zohar Ada
Clinical Psychology Graduate Program, Ruppin Academic Center, Emeq Hefer 4025000, Israel.
Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos 78666, TX, USA.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;59:142-149. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
Ample research in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) reveals a moderate degree of underperformance on various neuropsychological tasks. Less is known about neuropsychological function in subclinical obsessive-compulsive (OC) samples. Most analogue OCD studies did not use a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and none utilized a fully computerized battery. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study aimed at assessing cognitive functions in a subclinical OC sample using a validated computerized neuropsychological battery.
Initially, a sample of 165 students completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R). Using a psychometrically valid methodology, a high OC (HOC, n = 29) and low OC (LOC, n = 29) groups were selected based on scores in the upper and lower quartiles on the OCI-R. The two groups completed the NeuroTrax computerized neuropsychological battery and clinical questionnaires.
Although the HOC group underperformed on most outcome measures, controlling for state-anxiety and depression symptoms, no significant differences were found on major domains (i.e., memory, attention, executive functions, processing speed, visuospatial functions, verbal functions, and motor skills), and subdomains. Normalized scores, produced using population norms, indicated that both groups performed within the normative range.
Not all neuropsychological subdomains were assessed.
Results are consistent with the general picture in analogue OC samples, and may be more reliable than paper-pencil testing, given that a full computerized neuropsychological battery minimizes examiner-examinee interactions, and increases timing accuracy. In sum, analogue OC samples, characterized by equivalent symptom severity but high functioning compared to OCD samples, do not present with cognitive deficits.
对强迫症（OCD）的大量研究表明，患者在各种神经心理学任务上表现出一定程度的欠佳。关于亚临床强迫观念及强迫行为（OC）样本的神经心理学功能，人们了解较少。大多数模拟强迫症研究未使用全面的神经心理学测试组合，且无一使用完全计算机化的测试组合。为填补这一文献空白，本研究旨在使用经过验证的计算机化神经心理学测试组合评估亚临床OC样本的认知功能。
最初，165名学生完成了修订版强迫观念及强迫行为量表（OCI-R）。采用心理测量学上有效的方法，根据OCI-R得分的上四分位数和下四分位数，选取了高OC组（HOC，n = 29）和低OC组（LOC，n = 29）。两组完成了NeuroTrax计算机化神经心理学测试组合和临床问卷。
尽管HOC组在大多数结果指标上表现欠佳，但在控制状态焦虑和抑郁症状后，在主要领域（即记忆、注意力、执行功能、处理速度、视觉空间功能、语言功能和运动技能）及子领域未发现显著差异。使用总体常模得出的标准化分数表明，两组的表现均在正常范围内。
并非所有神经心理学子领域都进行了评估。
结果与模拟OC样本的总体情况一致，并且可能比纸笔测试更可靠，因为完全计算机化的神经心理学测试组合可最大程度减少检查者与被检查者的互动，并提高计时准确性。总之，以症状严重程度相当但与OCD样本相比功能良好为特征的模拟OC样本不存在认知缺陷。
