The Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA.
Sleep. 2018 Apr 1;41(4). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy023.
This study investigated the association between driving safety and seven sleep disorders amongst 3541 participants of the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving study.
SHRP 2 collected naturalistic driving data from participants between 16 and 98 years old by instrumenting participants' vehicles. The analyses used logistic regression to determine the likelihood of crash or near-crash involvement, Poisson log-linear regression to assess crash or near-crash rate, and ordinal logistic regression to assess driver maneuver appropriateness and crash or near-crash severity. These analyses did not account for any medical treatments for the sleep disorders.
Females with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED), drivers with insomnia or narcolepsy, are associated with significantly higher risk of crash or near-crash. Drivers with shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) are associated with significantly increased crash or near-crash rate. Females with RLS/WED or sleep apnea and drivers with SWSD are associated with less safe driver maneuver and drivers with periodic limb movement disorder are associated with more severe events. The four analyses provide no evidence of safety decrements associated with migraine.
This study is the first examination on the association between seven sleep disorders and different measures of driving risk using large-scale naturalistic driving study data. The results corroborate much of the existing simulator and epidemiological research related to sleep-disorder patients and their driving safety, but add ecological validity to those findings. These results contribute to the empirical basis for medical professionals, policy makers, and employers in making decisions to aid individuals with sleep disorders in balancing safety and personal mobility.
本研究调查了在 SHRP2 自然驾驶研究的 3541 名参与者中，7 种睡眠障碍与驾驶安全之间的关系。
SHRP2 通过对参与者的车辆进行仪器化，收集了 16 至 98 岁参与者的自然驾驶数据。分析使用逻辑回归来确定涉及碰撞或近碰撞的可能性，泊松对数线性回归来评估碰撞或近碰撞率，以及有序逻辑回归来评估驾驶员操纵的适当性和碰撞或近碰撞的严重程度。这些分析没有考虑任何针对睡眠障碍的治疗方法。
患有不安腿综合征/Willis-Ekbom 病（RLS/WED）的女性、患有失眠或嗜睡症的驾驶员，与更高的碰撞或近碰撞风险显著相关。患有轮班工作睡眠障碍（SWSD）的驾驶员与更高的碰撞或近碰撞率显著相关。患有 RLS/WED 或睡眠呼吸暂停的女性和患有 SWSD 的驾驶员与更不安全的驾驶操作相关，而患有周期性肢体运动障碍的驾驶员与更严重的事件相关。这四项分析均未提供与偏头痛相关的安全下降的证据。
本研究首次使用大规模自然驾驶研究数据，检查了 7 种睡眠障碍与不同驾驶风险测量之间的关系。结果证实了与睡眠障碍患者及其驾驶安全相关的大部分现有模拟器和流行病学研究，但为这些发现增加了生态有效性。这些结果为医疗专业人员、政策制定者和雇主在帮助睡眠障碍患者平衡安全和个人流动性方面做出决策提供了经验依据。
