Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Hutcheson Hall, Room 406-A, 250 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Oct;119:149-154. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.007. Epub 2018 Jul 19.
This study examined the overall prevalence of cellphone use, including the rates of calls and texts both per day and hourly while driving, and assessed whether or not individual crash risk was correlated with cellphone use. The study used data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS), which had more than 3500 participants who provided up to three years of driving data. Of these participants, 620 provided cellphone records, 564 of which included both call and text records. The prevalence of cellphone calls and texts per day was calculated. By overlaying the cellphone records with the SHRP 2 NDS data, we also evaluated the rates of calls and texts while driving by driver demographics. Crashes for these cellphone-using participants were also identified from the SHRP 2 NDS data. Negative binomial regression models were used to determine whether the crash rate was associated with cellphone use. Participants made an average of 27.1 texts and 7.3 calls per day. They averaged 1.6 texts and 1.2 calls per hour of driving. Cellphone use varied significantly by age, especially for texting. The texting rate for drivers aged 16-19 was 59.4 per day and 2.9 per hour of driving, four times higher than the 14.3 per day and 1.0 per hour for drivers 30-64 years old. The texting rate for drivers 20-29 years old was also high at 42.4 per day and 2.6 per hour of driving. Participants experienced 243 crashes in 216,231 h of driving. It was found that those who texted more often per day or per hour of driving had higher crash rates after adjusting for age and gender effects. The severe crash rate increases 0.58% for every additional text per day and all 8.3% for every text per hour of driving; overall crash rate increases 0.41% for every additional text per day and 6.46% for every text per hour of driving. The results show that cellphone texting and calling are quite common while driving. The texting rate for young drivers is substantially higher than for middle-aged and senior drivers. This study confirmed that those who text at a higher rate are associated with a higher crash risk.
本研究考察了手机使用的总体流行率，包括每天和每小时的通话和短信次数，并评估了个体碰撞风险是否与手机使用相关。该研究使用了第二战略公路研究计划自然驾驶研究（SHRP 2 NDS）的数据，该研究有超过 3500 名参与者提供了长达三年的驾驶数据。其中 620 名参与者提供了手机记录，其中 564 名参与者提供了通话和短信记录。计算了每天的手机通话和短信次数。通过将手机记录与 SHRP 2 NDS 数据叠加，我们还根据驾驶员人口统计学评估了驾驶时的通话和短信率。从 SHRP 2 NDS 数据中还确定了这些使用手机的参与者的碰撞事故。使用负二项回归模型来确定碰撞率是否与手机使用相关。参与者平均每天发送 27.1 条短信和 7.3 个电话。他们平均每小时驾驶时发送 1.6 条短信和 1.2 个电话。手机使用情况因年龄而异，尤其是发短信。16-19 岁驾驶员的短信发送率为每天 59.4 条，每小时驾驶时 2.9 条，是 30-64 岁驾驶员的 14.3 条/天和 1.0 条/小时的四倍。20-29 岁驾驶员的短信发送率也很高，为每天 42.4 条，每小时驾驶时 2.6 条。在 216,231 小时的驾驶中，参与者共经历了 243 次碰撞事故。发现，在调整年龄和性别影响后，每天发短信更多或每小时开车发短信更多的人碰撞率更高。每天每增加一条短信，严重碰撞率增加 0.58%；每小时每增加一条短信，严重碰撞率增加 8.3%；每天每增加一条短信，整体碰撞率增加 0.41%；每小时每增加一条短信，整体碰撞率增加 6.46%。结果表明，驾驶时手机通话和短信非常普遍。年轻驾驶员的短信发送率明显高于中年和老年驾驶员。本研究证实，发短信频率较高的人发生碰撞的风险更高。
