Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 8;84(Pt A):11-17. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.01.015. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
Although cocaine use may induce/accelerate HIV-associated comorbidities in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and that HIV itself may accelerate aging, the issue of whether cocaine use plays a role in HIV-associated aging in HIV-infected cocaine users has not been reported. The goals of this study were (1) to explore factor(s) associated with peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length, a marker of cellular replicative history, and telomere shortening in HIV-infected individuals, and (2) to assess whether cocaine use plays a role in accelerating telomere shortening in cocaine users with HIV infection.
Between June 2010 and December 2016, 147 HIV-infected participants in Baltimore, Maryland, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study investigating factor(s) associated with telomere length. Of these 147, 93 participated in a follow-up study to examine factor(s) associated with telomere shortening. Robust regression model was used to analyze cross-sectional data and the generalized estimating equation approach was used to analyze follow-up data.
Cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that (1) both daily alcohol consumption and use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were independently associated with telomere length, and cocaine use modified the associations of daily alcohol use and NNRTI use with telomere length. Longitudinal analyses suggested that both daily alcohol consumption and duration of NNRTI use were independently associated with telomere shortening, and (2) cocaine use induced/accelerated telomere shortening in HIV-infected individuals.
Our findings suggest that cocaine use may promote premature aging in HIV-infected individuals who are on ART. Our results emphasize the importance of cocaine abstinence/reduced use, which may retard HIV-associated premature aging.
尽管可卡因的使用可能会导致/加速接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的 HIV 感染者出现与 HIV 相关的共病，并且 HIV 本身也可能加速衰老，但可卡因的使用是否在感染 HIV 的可卡因使用者的 HIV 相关衰老中发挥作用尚未得到报道。本研究的目的是：（1）探讨与外周血白细胞端粒长度相关的因素，端粒长度是细胞复制历史的标志物，以及 HIV 感染者端粒缩短的因素；（2）评估可卡因的使用是否在加速感染 HIV 的可卡因使用者端粒缩短方面发挥作用。
2010 年 6 月至 2016 年 12 月，马里兰州巴尔的摩的 147 名 HIV 感染者参加了一项横断面研究，调查与端粒长度相关的因素。在这 147 名参与者中，93 名参加了一项后续研究，以研究与端粒缩短相关的因素。采用稳健回归模型分析横断面数据，采用广义估计方程方法分析随访数据。
横断面分析表明：（1）每日饮酒和使用非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）均与端粒长度独立相关，可卡因的使用改变了每日饮酒和 NNRTI 使用与端粒长度的关联。纵向分析表明，每日饮酒和 NNRTI 使用时间均与端粒缩短独立相关，（2）可卡因的使用导致感染 HIV 的个体端粒缩短。
我们的发现表明，可卡因的使用可能会促进接受 ART 的 HIV 感染者过早衰老。我们的研究结果强调了可卡因戒除/减少使用的重要性，这可能会延缓与 HIV 相关的过早衰老。
