Reduced graphene oxide doped predominantly with CF groups as a superior anode material for long-life lithium-ion batteries.

A fluorine-doped reduced graphene oxide (F-rGO), predominantly in the form of CF groups, was synthesized using the reduced-graphene-oxide precursor devoid of residual hydroxyl and carboxyl groups through a solvothermal process. The vacancies and defects accompanying the formation of the highly stable and electrochemically inert CF groups contribute to the excellent cycling stability of F-rGO, when it is applied as the anode material in a lithium-ion battery.