Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 905S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-002G Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018 Jan;128:26-40. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.005. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are present in breast milk and play important roles in early infant development. A supply of these fatty acids in infant formula (typically following breast milk as a model with ARA > DHA) is thought to be important since endogenous synthesis is insufficient to maintain tissue levels equivalent to breast-fed infants. Intervention studies assessing the impact of DHA- and ARA-supplemented formulas have resulted in numerous positive developmental outcomes (closer to breast-fed infants) including measures of specific cognition functions, visual acuity, and immune responses. A critical analysis of outcome assessment tools reveals the essentiality of selecting appropriate, focused techniques in order to provide accurate evaluation of DHA- and ARA-supplemented formulas. Future research directions should encompass in-depth assessment of specific cognitive outcomes, immune function, and disease incidence, as well as sources of experimental variability such as the status of fatty acid desaturase polymorphisms.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（ARA）存在于母乳中，在婴儿早期发育中发挥重要作用。婴儿配方奶粉中供应这些脂肪酸（通常以母乳为模型，ARA> DHA）被认为很重要，因为内源性合成不足以维持与母乳喂养婴儿相当的组织水平。评估 DHA 和 ARA 补充配方对干预研究的影响已导致许多积极的发育结果（更接近母乳喂养婴儿），包括特定认知功能、视力和免疫反应的测量。对结果评估工具的批判性分析表明，选择适当、有针对性的技术对于准确评估 DHA 和 ARA 补充配方至关重要。未来的研究方向应包括对特定认知结果、免疫功能和疾病发生率的深入评估，以及实验变异性的来源，如脂肪酸去饱和酶多态性的状态。
