Tian Ailing, Xu Lirong, Szeto Ignatius Man-Yau, Wang Xuemin, Li Duo
Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 20;17(6):1091. doi: 10.3390/nu17061091.
Previous studies have assessed the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4-6)-supplemented infant formula on brain development and cognitive function in infants. However, the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of DHA and ARA supplementation on cognitive function in infants from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
We systematically searched and identified relevant literature from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to July 2024. Standard methods were applied to assess publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and heterogeneity among the included studies. A total of nine RCTs were included in the study, which comprised 1039 subjects.
Meta-analysis showed significantly positive effects of DHA and ARA supplementation on cognitive development in infants (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): 0.21; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.38). No significant difference was found in Mental Development Index (MDI) score (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): 0.20; 95% CI: -0.03, 0.43) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) score (WMD: 0.12; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.35) in Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development compared with the control group. In subgroup analysis, when DHA/ARA was 0.5-1, PDI had a significant difference (WMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93) compared with the control group, with no significant difference between heterogeneity ( = 46.4%, = 0.155). In comparison to the control group, significant differences were observed in MDI when DHA/ARA levels were between 0.5 and 1 (WMD: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.07, 1.02), with no significant difference between heterogeneity ( = 51.6%, = 0.127).
When the DHA /ARA was 0.5-1 can significantly improve the cognitive function in infants.
以往研究评估了添加二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6-3）和花生四烯酸（ARA，20:4-6）的婴儿配方奶粉对婴儿大脑发育和认知功能的影响。然而，结果并不一致。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是评估从随机对照试验（RCT）中得出的DHA和ARA补充剂对婴儿认知功能的影响。
我们系统检索并确定了截至2024年7月来自PubMed、科学网和Embase数据库的相关文献。应用标准方法评估纳入研究中的发表偏倚、敏感性分析和异质性。该研究共纳入9项RCT，包括1039名受试者。
荟萃分析显示，补充DHA和ARA对婴儿认知发育有显著的积极影响（标准化均数差（SMD）：0.21；95%置信区间：0.03，0.38）。与对照组相比，在贝利婴幼儿发育量表中的智力发育指数（MDI）得分（加权均数差（WMD）：0.20；95%置信区间：-0.03，0.43）和心理运动发育指数（PDI）得分（WMD：0.12；95%置信区间：-0.11，0.35）方面未发现显著差异。在亚组分析中，当DHA/ARA为0.5-1时，与对照组相比，PDI有显著差异（WMD：0.48；95%置信区间：0.03，0.93），异质性之间无显著差异（I² = 46.4%，P = 0.155）。与对照组相比，当DHA/ARA水平在0.5至1之间时，MDI有显著差异（WMD：0.55；95%置信区间：0.07，1.02），异质性之间无显著差异（I² = 51.6%，P = 0.127）。
当DHA/ARA为0.5-1时可显著改善婴儿的认知功能。
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