Ayaz Muhammad Mazhar, Nazir Muhammad Mudasser, Ullah Najeeb, Zaman Aqil, Akbar Atif, Zeeshan Muhammad, Hussain Zahid, Naz Saima, Zheng Yadong, Javed Asghar, Lindsay David S
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, B.Z University, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Biochemistry, B.Z University, Multan, Pakistan.
J Med Entomol. 2018 Jun 28;55(4):1040-1042. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy003.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infection caused by flagellated parasitic protozoans in the genus Leishmania. Promastigotes are the infective stage, which are transmitted by the bite of female sand flies of the genera Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia. Three clinical forms of Leishmania infection are recognized in humans, and they are caused by different Leishmania species. They are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Up to 2 million cases of leishmaniasis are reported annually worldwide. In Pakistan, CL is widely distributed in endemic areas. In the current study, a survey was conducted to investigate the occurrence of CL in an endemic area of the metropolitan city of Multan, Pakistan. The material for diagnosis of CL was obtained from 461 patients from 239 clinical laboratories and health care centers in Multan. Of these patients, 42.9% (198 of 461) having positive findings of amastigotes in Giemsa stained tissue impression smears. The distribution of CL skin lesions was highly variable. Most patients (76.2%) had a single lesion. Most CL lesions were found on a single hand (23.7%). The prevalence of two CL lesions per patient was 21.7%, while three or more positive CL lesions were observed in 2.0% of patients. The 198 CL-positive patients ranged in age 10-40 yr old, 101 were males, and 97 were females. Logistic regression analysis of leishmaniasis versus age and gender showed that both the age and gender had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the occurrence of infection. Outbreaks of CL were reported in 14 of the 68 Union Councils of Multan.
皮肤利什曼病是由利什曼原虫属的有鞭毛寄生原生动物引起的一种媒介传播感染。前鞭毛体是感染阶段，通过白蛉属或罗蛉属雌性沙蝇的叮咬传播。人类利什曼原虫感染有三种临床类型，由不同的利什曼原虫种类引起。它们是皮肤利什曼病（CL）、黏膜皮肤利什曼病（ML）和内脏利什曼病（VL）。全球每年报告的利什曼病病例多达200万例。在巴基斯坦，CL在流行地区广泛分布。在本研究中，进行了一项调查以调查巴基斯坦木尔坦市一个流行地区CL的发生情况。用于CL诊断的材料来自木尔坦市239个临床实验室和医疗保健中心的461名患者。在这些患者中，42.9%（461例中的198例）在吉姆萨染色的组织印片中发现无鞭毛体阳性结果。CL皮肤病变的分布差异很大。大多数患者（76.2%）有单个病变。大多数CL病变出现在一只手上（23.7%）。每位患者有两个CL病变的患病率为21.7%，而2.0%的患者观察到三个或更多阳性CL病变。198例CL阳性患者年龄在10至40岁之间，其中101例为男性，97例为女性。利什曼病与年龄和性别的逻辑回归分析表明，年龄和性别对感染的发生均有显著（P<0.05）影响。木尔坦市68个乡议会中有14个报告了CL疫情。
