Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Yonsei University College of Medicine,Seoul,Republic of Korea.
Department of Public Health,Graduate School,Yonsei University,Seoul,Republic of Korea.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019 Jun;28(3):343-355. doi: 10.1017/S2045796018000045. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of either hearing, vision or dual sensory impairment on depressive symptoms and to identify subgroups that are vulnerable and significantly affected.
Data from the 2006-2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) were used and a total of 5832 individuals were included in this study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D10) scale. Sensory impairment was assessed according to the levels of self-reported hearing or vision, which were categorised as either good (excellent, very good or good) or poor (fair or poor). The changes in hearing or vision from records of previous survey were investigated. Changes from good to poor, which indicates new onset, were defined as hearing impairment or vision impairment. Interactions of changes in hearing and vision were considered in the analysis. Dual sensory impairment was indicated when hearing impairment and vision impairment both developed at the same time. Demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors were considered as potential confounders and were adjusted for in the generalised estimating equation model.
Individuals with hearing impairment demonstrated significantly more severe depressive symptoms [β = 0.434, standard errors (s.e.) = 0.097, p < 0.001] than those who had good hearing. Those with vision impairment also showed significantly elevated depressive symptoms (β = 0.253, s.e. = 0.058, p < 0.001) than those with good vision. When the interactions between hearing and vision were considered, participants with dual sensory impairment showed significantly more severe depressive symptoms (β = 0.768, s.e. = 0.197, p < 0.001) than those with good hearing and vision. The effect of a single and dual sensory impairment on depressive symptoms was significant in both sexes and across age groups, except for vision impairment in male participants.
Hearing, vision and dual sensory impairment are significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that treatment or rehabilitation of either hearing or vision impairment would help prevent depression.
本研究旨在探讨听力、视力或双重感官障碍对抑郁症状的影响，并确定易受影响和显著受影响的亚组。
本研究使用了 2006-2014 年韩国老龄化纵向研究（KLoSA）的数据，共纳入了 5832 名个体。使用中心流行病学研究抑郁量表（CES-D10）评估抑郁症状。根据自我报告的听力或视力水平评估感官障碍，分为良好（优秀、很好或良好）或不良（一般或较差）。研究了听力或视力从之前调查记录中的变化。从良好变为不良，即新发病例，定义为听力障碍或视力障碍。在分析中考虑了听力和视力变化之间的相互作用。当听力和视力障碍同时发生时，定义为双重感官障碍。人口统计学、社会经济和健康相关因素被视为潜在的混杂因素，并在广义估计方程模型中进行了调整。
与听力良好的个体相比，听力障碍的个体表现出更严重的抑郁症状[β=0.434，标准误差（s.e.）=0.097，p < 0.001]。视力障碍的个体也表现出明显更高的抑郁症状（β=0.253，s.e. = 0.058，p < 0.001），与视力良好的个体相比。当考虑听力和视力之间的相互作用时，患有双重感官障碍的个体表现出更严重的抑郁症状（β=0.768，s.e. = 0.197，p < 0.001），与听力和视力良好的个体相比。单一和双重感官障碍对抑郁症状的影响在男女和各年龄组中均显著，除了男性参与者中的视力障碍。
听力、视力和双重感官障碍与抑郁症状显著相关。我们的研究结果表明，治疗或康复听力或视力障碍有助于预防抑郁。
