Porter J M, Swain I D
J Biomed Eng. 1986 Jul;8(3):187-92. doi: 10.1016/0141-5425(86)90082-8.
There are many clinical applications for non-invasive measurements of limb and digit blood flow, but often plethysmographs are inconvenient to use. Most experimental work has been carried out on patients with vascular disease. The variation of blood flow with various environmental and physiological factors has been investigated. Little information is available on the effects of injury or surgical trauma on blood flow in limbs. Plethysmographic methods measure arterial flow or pulse volume by several techniques including volumetric displacement, electrical impedance, gravimetry and the mercury in rubber strain gauge. Calorimetric, Doppler and isotope clearance techniques have also been applied to the measurement of blood flow in digits. None of these methods fulfils all the criteria for the requirements of an ideal device and some are too complicated, uncomfortable or cumbersome for widespread use. The results from different techniques are compared and the reasons for variability are discussed. Possible mechanisms for the effects of trauma on limb blood flow are suggested. Experimental comparisons of different plethysmographs are described and the requirements for future development of these devices are defined.
肢体和手指血流的非侵入性测量有许多临床应用，但体积描记器通常使用不便。大多数实验工作是在患有血管疾病的患者身上进行的。已经研究了血流随各种环境和生理因素的变化。关于损伤或手术创伤对肢体血流的影响，可用信息很少。体积描记法通过包括容积位移、电阻抗、重量法和橡胶应变计中的汞在内的几种技术来测量动脉血流或脉搏容积。量热法、多普勒法和同位素清除技术也已应用于手指血流的测量。这些方法都不能满足理想设备的所有要求，有些方法过于复杂、不舒服或笨重，无法广泛使用。比较了不同技术的结果，并讨论了变异性的原因。提出了创伤对肢体血流影响的可能机制。描述了不同体积描记器的实验比较，并确定了这些设备未来发展的要求。
