Dietrich Brian, Srinivas Sandy
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
Res Rep Urol. 2018 Jan 26;10:7-16. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S125635. eCollection 2018.
Urothelial carcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy in the US. While most patients present with non-muscle-invasive disease, many will develop recurrent disease including some progressing to muscle invasive metastatic cancer. Treatment outcomes have remained poor and stagnant for those with more advanced illness, with typical 5-year survival rates in the range of ≤15%. While first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy remains the current standard for those eligible, the recent incorporation of checkpoint inhibitors into the management of advanced bladder cancer has resulted in an expansion of treatment options for a difficult-to-treat disease. This review will discuss the historic standard treatment options, followed by the more recent evolving role immune therapy has in the management of bladder cancer.
尿路上皮癌是美国第六大常见恶性肿瘤。虽然大多数患者表现为非肌层浸润性疾病，但许多患者会出现复发性疾病，包括一些进展为肌层浸润性转移性癌症的患者。对于病情更严重的患者，治疗效果一直很差且停滞不前，典型的5年生存率≤15%。虽然一线铂类化疗仍然是符合条件患者的当前标准，但最近将检查点抑制剂纳入晚期膀胱癌的治疗中，为这种难以治疗的疾病带来了更多的治疗选择。本综述将讨论历史标准治疗方案，随后探讨免疫疗法在膀胱癌治疗中最近不断演变的作用。
