Kytaro, Inc., Miami, FL.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL.
Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Jul;94(4):744-751. doi: 10.1111/php.12899. Epub 2018 Mar 31.
Light of certain wavelengths can be used to inactivate pathogens. Whole blood is opaque; thus, the penetration of light is reduced. Here, we overcame this limitation using a thin transparent tube that is illuminated from all angles. Three light-based techniques were evaluated: photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 660-nm light and antibody-photosensitizer conjugates, ultraviolet, and violet light. We observed a reduction of 55-71% of Staphylococcus aureus after 5 h of exposure (starting concentration 10 CFU mL ) and an 88-97% reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (starting 10 CFU mL ). An 83-92% decrease for S. aureus and 98-99.9% decrease for MRSA were observed when combined with an immunocapture approach. Complete blood count with differential analysis did not reveal any significant changes in the blood cell numbers. Genotoxicity studies showed that violet and ultraviolet did not induce any significant level of single strand breaks and alkali labile sites in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In contrast, ultraviolet did induce a very low level of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, a UV damage indicator. PDT generated a significant level of single strand breaks and 8-oxoGua in these cells. The approaches showed promise for whole blood pathogen inactivation with minimal collateral damage to PBMC.
某些波长的光可以用来使病原体失活。全血不透明；因此，光的穿透率降低。在这里，我们使用一个从各个角度照明的薄透明管克服了这一限制。评估了三种基于光的技术：使用 660nm 光和抗体-光敏剂缀合物的光动力疗法（PDT）、紫外线和紫光。我们观察到在暴露 5 小时后，金黄色葡萄球菌减少了 55-71%（起始浓度为 10 个 CFU/mL），耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）减少了 88-97%（起始浓度为 10 个 CFU/mL）。当与免疫捕获方法结合使用时，金黄色葡萄球菌减少了 83-92%，MRSA 减少了 98-99.9%。全血细胞计数和差异分析显示血细胞数量没有明显变化。遗传毒性研究表明，紫光和紫外线不会在外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中诱导任何显著水平的单链断裂和碱不稳定位点。相比之下，紫外线确实会诱导非常低水平的环丁烷嘧啶二聚体，这是一种紫外线损伤标志物。PDT 在这些细胞中产生了显著水平的单链断裂和 8-oxoGua。这些方法有望在最小的 PBMC 附带损伤的情况下对全血中的病原体进行失活。
