Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (C.S.I.C.)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Glaucoma. 2018 Jul;27 Suppl 1:S15-S19. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000910.
Lysyl oxidases (LOX) are copper-dependent enzymes that oxidize lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues in collagen and elastin, as a first step in the stabilization of these extracellular matrix proteins through the formation of covalent cross-linkages, an essential process for connective tissue maturation. Five different LOX enzymes have been identified in mammals, LOX and LOX-like (LOXL) 1 to 4, being genetically different protein products with a high degree of homology in the catalytic carboxy terminal end and a more variable amino terminal proregion. Intensive investigation in the last years has delineated the main biological functions of these enzymes and their involvement in several pathologies including fibrosis, cancer, and ocular disorders. This review article summarizes the major findings on the role of LOX isoforms, with particular focus on their contribution to the development and progression of human disorders.
赖氨酰氧化酶（LOX）是一种依赖铜的酶，可氧化胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白中的赖氨酰和羟赖氨酸残基，作为通过形成共价交联稳定这些细胞外基质蛋白的第一步，这是结缔组织成熟的一个重要过程。在哺乳动物中已经鉴定出五种不同的 LOX 酶，LOX 和 LOX 样（LOXL）1 至 4，它们是遗传上不同的蛋白质产物，在催化羧基末端具有高度同源性，而在更可变的氨基末端前区具有高度同源性。近年来的深入研究描绘了这些酶的主要生物学功能及其在包括纤维化、癌症和眼部疾病在内的几种病理中的参与。本文综述了 LOX 同工型的主要研究结果，特别关注它们对人类疾病发展和进展的贡献。
