Welker Kristen, Nabors Laura, Lang Myia, Bernstein Jonathan
a Health Promotion and Education Program, School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
b Internal Medicine-Allergy, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
J Asthma. 2018 Dec;55(12):1301-1314. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1424185. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
This review examined the impact of environmental change and educational interventions targeting young children from minority groups living in urban environments and who were from low-income families.
A scoping methodology was used to find research across six databases, including CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE.
299 studies were identified. Duplicates were removed leaving 159 studies. After reviewing for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 manuscripts were identified for this study: 11 featured home-environment change interventions and 12 emphasized education of children.
Studies were reviewed to determine key interventions and outcomes for children. Both environmental interventions and educational programs had positive outcomes. Interventions did not always impact health outcomes, such as emergency department visits.
Results indicated many of the environmental change and education interventions improved asthma management and some symptoms. A multipronged approach may be a good method for targeting both education and change in the home and school environment to promote the well-being of young children in urban areas. New research with careful documentation of information about study participants, dose of intervention (i.e., number and duration of sessions, booster sessions) and specific intervention components also will provide guidance for future research.
本综述探讨了环境变化和教育干预措施对生活在城市环境中的低收入家庭少数群体幼儿的影响。
采用范围界定方法在六个数据库中查找研究，包括护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、教育资源信息中心（ERIC）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）、医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）和荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）。
共识别出299项研究。去除重复项后剩下159项研究。在根据纳入和排除标准进行审查后，确定了23篇用于本研究的手稿：11篇以家庭环境变化干预为特色，12篇强调儿童教育。
对研究进行审查以确定针对儿童的关键干预措施和结果。环境干预和教育项目均产生了积极结果。干预措施并不总是对健康结果产生影响，例如急诊就诊。
结果表明，许多环境变化和教育干预措施改善了哮喘管理和一些症状。多管齐下的方法可能是一种很好的方式，既能针对家庭和学校环境中的教育和变化，又能促进城市地区幼儿的福祉。关于研究参与者信息、干预剂量（即课程数量和时长、强化课程）以及具体干预组成部分的详细记录的新研究也将为未来研究提供指导。
