Department of Sport and Health Science, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.
University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018 Feb 8;15(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0636-2.
The links between increased participation in Physical Activity (PA) and improvements in health are well established. As this body of evidence has grown, so too has the search for measures of PA with high levels of methodological effectiveness (i.e. validity, reliability and responsiveness to change). The aim of this "review of reviews" was to provide a comprehensive overview of the methodological effectiveness of currently employed measures of PA, to aid researchers in their selection of an appropriate tool. A total of 63 review articles were included in this review, and the original articles cited by these reviews were included in order to extract detailed information on methodological effectiveness.Self-report measures of PA have been most frequently examined for methodological effectiveness, with highly variable findings identified across a broad range of behaviours. The evidence-base for the methodological effectiveness of objective monitors, particularly accelerometers/activity monitors, is increasing, with lower levels of variability observed for validity and reliability when compared to subjective measures. Unfortunately, responsiveness to change across all measures and behaviours remains under-researched, with limited information available.Other criteria beyond methodological effectiveness often influence tool selection, including cost and feasibility. However, researchers must be aware of the methodological effectiveness of any measure selected for use when examining PA. Although no "perfect" tool for the examination of PA in adults exists, it is suggested that researchers aim to incorporate appropriate objective measures, specific to the behaviours of interests, when examining PA in free-living environments.
身体活动（PA）参与度增加与健康状况改善之间的联系已得到充分证实。随着这方面证据的不断增加，人们也越来越关注具有高度方法有效性（即有效性、可靠性和对变化的反应能力）的 PA 测量方法。本“综述回顾”的目的是全面概述目前用于 PA 的测量方法的方法有效性，以帮助研究人员选择合适的工具。本综述共纳入了 63 篇综述文章，并纳入了这些综述引用的原始文章，以提取关于方法有效性的详细信息。PA 的自我报告测量方法在方法有效性方面被研究得最多，在广泛的行为中发现了高度可变的结果。客观监测器（特别是加速度计/活动监测器）的方法有效性证据基础正在增加，与主观测量相比，其有效性和可靠性的变异性较低。不幸的是，所有测量方法和行为的变化反应性仍然研究不足，可用信息有限。除了方法有效性之外，其他标准（包括成本和可行性）经常影响工具选择。然而，当研究 PA 时，研究人员必须了解所选测量方法的方法有效性。虽然没有一种用于检查成年人 PA 的“完美”工具，但建议研究人员在检查自由生活环境中的 PA 时，旨在纳入适合特定行为的适当客观测量方法。
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