Schetters Sjoerd T T, Gomez-Nicola Diego, Garcia-Vallejo Juan J, Van Kooyk Yvette
Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2018 Jan 25;8:1905. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01905. eCollection 2017.
In recent years, many paradigms concerning central nervous system (CNS) immunology have been challenged and shifted, including the discovery of CNS-draining lymphatic vessels, the origin and functional diversity of microglia, the impact of T cells on CNS immunological homeostasis and the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. In parallel, antigen presentation outside the CNS has revealed the vital role of antigen-presenting cells in maintaining tolerance toward self-proteins, thwarting auto-immunity. Here, we review recent findings that unite these shifted paradigms of microglial functioning, antigen presentation, and CNS-directed T cell activation, focusing on common neurodegenerative diseases. It provides an important update on CNS adaptive immunity, novel targets, and a concept of the microglia T-cell equilibrium.
近年来，许多关于中枢神经系统（CNS）免疫学的范式受到挑战并发生了转变，包括中枢神经系统引流淋巴管的发现、小胶质细胞的起源和功能多样性、T细胞对中枢神经系统免疫稳态的影响以及神经炎症在神经退行性疾病中的作用。与此同时，中枢神经系统外的抗原呈递揭示了抗原呈递细胞在维持对自身蛋白的耐受性、防止自身免疫方面的重要作用。在此，我们回顾了最近的研究发现，这些发现将小胶质细胞功能、抗原呈递和中枢神经系统定向T细胞活化等转变的范式统一起来，重点关注常见的神经退行性疾病。它提供了关于中枢神经系统适应性免疫、新靶点以及小胶质细胞 - T细胞平衡概念的重要更新。
