Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS-UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Sleep. 2018 Apr 1;41(4). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy022.
Altered comfort sensing and reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain in people suffering from insomnia disorder (ID) suggest compromised processes of motivation and hedonia. The experience sampling (ES) method was used to evaluate whether, in naturalistic conditions, people with ID differ from those without sleep complaints with respect to subjective Wanting and Liking, two major dimensions of the reward system. Since light affects brain circuits involved in affect and reward, ES was combined with ambulatory monitoring of light intensity fluctuations to evaluate their effect on subjective Wanting and Liking.
Participants with ID (n = 17, 12 females, 56.8 ± 6.5 mean ± standard deviation years of age) and matched controls without sleep complaints (n = 18, 12 females, 57.0 ± 8.6 years of age) were probed by a smartphone alarm to log their subjective Wanting, Liking, and mood nine times a day for 7 days. Using an ambulatory light recorder, light intensity exposure was sampled simultaneously and averaged over the intervals between subsequent ES alarms. Mixed-effect models were used to evaluate how ID and varying light intensity affected subjective assessments.
The results indicated significantly lower subjective Liking and Wanting in people suffering from ID, particularly at low environmental light intensity.
Wanting and Liking, rather than more commonly used mood adjectives, showed an increased sensitivity to detect deficient hedonic and reward processing in insomnia during everyday life. Deficient Liking may in part be rescued by exposure to bright environmental light.
患有失眠症（ID）的人，其大脑眶额皮层的舒适感知能力改变，灰质体积减少，这表明其动机和享乐过程受损。采用体验抽样（ES）方法评估 ID 患者与无睡眠抱怨者在自然条件下，其主观欲望和喜好（奖励系统的两个主要维度）是否存在差异。由于光照会影响影响情绪和奖励的大脑回路，因此将 ES 与光强度波动的动态监测相结合，以评估其对主观欲望和喜好的影响。
通过智能手机警报，每天 7 天、9 次探测有 ID（17 名参与者，12 名女性，56.8±6.5 岁）和无睡眠抱怨的匹配对照组（18 名参与者，12 名女性，57.0±8.6 岁）的主观欲望、喜好和情绪。使用动态光记录仪同时采样光强度暴露，并在随后的 ES 警报之间的间隔内进行平均。采用混合效应模型评估 ID 和不同光强度如何影响主观评估。
结果表明，ID 患者的主观喜好和欲望明显降低，尤其是在环境光强度较低时。
与更常用的情绪形容词相比，欲望和喜好在日常生活中对检测失眠时的享乐和奖励处理缺陷具有更高的敏感性。在明亮的环境光下暴露可能部分挽救了不喜好的情况。
