Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Center for Drug Discovery and Biodiversity Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT, AIP), Panama City, Panama; College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.
College of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 May 10;217:63-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.008. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
Piperaceae is the fifth largest family of plants in Panama. This review focuses on the ethnomedical uses of the most prevalent Panamanian species and biological activities of their extracts and/or constituents both in Panama and worldwide. Many species have a plethora of ethnomedical uses such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-Helicobacter pylori, antiulcer, antiprotozoal, estrogenic, insecticidal, local anesthetic, diuretic, and for women's health conditions.
The aim of this review is to compile all ethnomedical uses of most prevalent species of Piper in Panama, and their extracts or phytoconstituents worldwide, through a complete literature search, so that it may allow selection of potential unexplored Piper species for future research and development of phytotherapeuticals for important ailments.
This review conducted a thorough search in books and databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci-Finder, Scopus, ACS publications, Science Direct, and Reaxys (Elsevier), until October of 2017. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers only in English. The key words used to search were: "Piper", "Piperaceae", "Panama", "Pharmacological activity", "Chemistry," "Toxicity," and "Clinical studies". Scientific names of the plants were validated through www.tropicos.org. Potential full-texts of eligible papers, irrespective of database, were identified. Study selection and data extraction were conducted by one author (AIS) and confirmed by others (MPG, ADA). The extracted data were summarized in tabular form and a narrative description was used to provide a summary of updated information.
The ethnomedical uses of most prevalent 23 Panamanian species of Piper both in Panama as well in the world are provided. Of these species only Piper arboreum, Piper auritum, Piper cordulatum, Piper hispidum, Piper dariense, Piper multiplinervium and Piper umbellatum have ethnomedical uses in Panama. Some of the uses are by native Amerindians of Panama. These include ailments such as liver pains, common colds, skin infections, insecticidal, as a bath to alleviate colds, snakebites, different types of pains, skin ailments, wound healing, rheumatism, women's health, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory. Other Panamanian species are widely used in many countries of the world. Of all the Piper species, P. aduncum has the most ethnomedical uses. Panamanian uses are different from the ones in other countries. A total of 61 compounds present in Piper species reported in this review have shown a variety of biological activities in vitro. These compounds belong to different chemical types, such as chromenes, amides, alkaloids, benzopyrans, benzoates, essential oils, pyrrolidines, flavokaines, chalcones, methylenedioxy propiophenones, cinnamates, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenols, among others. From this review it is evident that extracts and pure compounds isolated from Piper species have shown a wide array of mainly in vitro activity and some ethnomedical uses may be correlated with their activities reported.
Plants of this genus have provided bioactive species, both from crude extracts and pure compounds thus substantiating their efficacy in traditional medicine. In vivo and toxicological studies are still limited, but the results of different activities of Piper reported point out the great potential of these species for obtaining bioactive principles that may be useful in treating diseases. However, a thorough investigation of Piper species relating to chemistry, in vivo pharmacological activities, with emphasis on their mechanism of action, safety and efficacy and toxicity is warranted.
胡椒科是巴拿马第五大植物科。本综述重点介绍了在巴拿马和全世界最常见的巴拿马胡椒属植物的民族医学用途，以及它们的提取物和/或成分的生物活性。许多物种具有多种民族医学用途，如抗菌、抗真菌、抗炎、抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗幽门螺杆菌、抗溃疡、抗原生动物、雌激素、杀虫、局部麻醉、利尿以及治疗妇女健康状况。
本综述的目的是通过全面的文献检索，编译在巴拿马最常见的胡椒属植物的所有民族医学用途，以及它们在全世界的提取物或植物成分，以便可以选择未来用于治疗重要疾病的植物疗法的潜在未开发的胡椒属植物。
本综述在书籍和数据库中进行了彻底的搜索，例如 Google Scholar、PubMed、Sci-Finder、Scopus、ACS 出版物、Science Direct 和 Reaxys（Elsevier），直到 2017 年 10 月。本综述中提供的信息仅基于同行评议的英文论文。用于搜索的关键词是：“Piper”、“Piperaceae”、“巴拿马”、“药理活性”、“化学”、“毒性”和“临床研究”。通过 www.tropicos.org 验证植物的学名。确定了符合条件的论文的潜在全文，无论数据库如何。由一名作者（AIS）进行研究选择和数据提取，并由其他人（MPG、ADA）进行确认。提取的数据以表格形式汇总，并使用叙述性描述提供更新信息的摘要。
提供了在巴拿马以及全世界最常见的 23 种巴拿马胡椒属植物的民族医学用途。在这些物种中，只有 Piper arboreum、Piper auritum、Piper cordulatum、Piper hispidum、Piper dariense、Piper multiplinervium 和 Piper umbellatum 在巴拿马具有民族医学用途。其中一些用途是由巴拿马的美洲原住民使用的。这些用途包括肝脏疼痛、普通感冒、皮肤感染、杀虫、作为缓解感冒的浴液、蛇咬伤、各种疼痛、皮肤疾病、伤口愈合、风湿病、妇女健康、退热、抗炎等。其他巴拿马物种在世界许多国家广泛使用。在所有的 Piper 物种中，P. aduncum 具有最多的民族医学用途。巴拿马的用途与其他国家的用途不同。本综述中报道的存在于胡椒属植物中的 61 种化合物具有多种体外生物活性。这些化合物属于不同的化学类型，如色烯、酰胺、生物碱、苯并吡喃、苯甲酸酯、精油、吡咯烷、 flavokaines、查耳酮、甲基二氧基丙基苯乙酮、肉桂酸盐、单萜、倍半萜、酚类等。从本综述可以看出，从胡椒属植物中提取的提取物和纯化合物已显示出广泛的主要体外活性，一些民族医学用途可能与其报道的活性相关。
该属植物提供了生物活性物种，无论是从粗提取物还是纯化合物中，都证实了它们在传统医学中的功效。体内和毒理学研究仍然有限，但报告的 Piper 不同活性的结果指出了这些物种获得可能有助于治疗疾病的生物活性原理的巨大潜力。然而，有必要对与化学、体内药理活性有关的胡椒属物种进行全面调查，重点是其作用机制、安全性和有效性以及毒性。
