Huang Zhitao, Jiang Yuli, Song Xiefa, Hallerman Eric, Peng Lei, Dong Dengpan, Ma Teng, Zhai Jieming, Li Wensheng
Department of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
AMB Express. 2018 Feb 10;8(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13568-018-0551-1.
While biofilters are widely used to metabolize ammonia and other wastes in marine recirculating aquaculture systems, the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and archaeal communities have not been characterized across a diversity of production systems. Using a metagenomics approach, we characterized the ammonia-oxidizing microbiological community of biofilters in a commercial recirculating marine aquaculture system producing hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × E. fuscoguttatus). Cloning and sequencing of the amoA gene showed that nitrifying bacteria included Nitrosomonas europea, N. stercoris, N. cryotolerans, N. eutropha, N. estuarii, eight strains of N. marina, and 15 strains not associated with described species. Nitrifying archaea included eight strains of Nitrosopumilus maritimus, N. koreensis, N. piranensis, N. adriaticus, undescribed congeners, and other undescribed archaea. The species composition of the bacterial and especially the archaeal communities was beyond that yet reported for aquaculture biofilters. While ammonia flux through the respective communities has yet to be estimated, the diverse environmental adaptations of the bacterial and archaeal communities suggest resilience of function under a range of environmental conditions.
虽然生物滤器被广泛用于海洋循环水养殖系统中氨和其他废物的代谢，但尚未在多种生产系统中对氨氧化细菌和古菌群落进行特征描述。我们采用宏基因组学方法，对一个生产杂交石斑鱼（鞍带石斑鱼×棕点石斑鱼）的商业循环海水养殖系统中生物滤器的氨氧化微生物群落进行了特征描述。amoA基因的克隆和测序表明，硝化细菌包括欧洲亚硝化单胞菌、粪便亚硝化单胞菌、耐低温亚硝化单胞菌、嗜中温亚硝化单胞菌、河口亚硝化单胞菌、8株海洋亚硝化单胞菌以及15株与已描述物种无关的菌株。硝化古菌包括8株嗜盐亚硝化侏儒菌、韩国亚硝化侏儒菌、皮拉尼亚亚硝化侏儒菌、亚得里亚海亚硝化侏儒菌、未描述的同属菌以及其他未描述的古菌。细菌尤其是古菌群落的物种组成超出了此前水产养殖生物滤器的报道范围。虽然尚未估计氨通过各个群落的通量，但细菌和古菌群落多样的环境适应性表明其在一系列环境条件下功能具有恢复力。
