Mohamed Fatma F, Franceschi Renny T
Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600.
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600.
Curr Mol Biol Rep. 2017 Dec;3(4):236-246. doi: 10.1007/s40610-017-0075-5. Epub 2017 Oct 19.
The development and maintenance of the skeleton requires a steady source of skeletal progenitors to provide the osteoblasts and chondrocytes necessary for bone and cartilage growth and development. The current model for skeletal stem cells (SSCs) posits that SSC/progenitor cells are present in bone marrow (BM) and other osteogenic sites such as cranial sutures where they undergo self-renewal and differentiation to give rise to the main skeletal tissues. SSCs hold great promise for understanding skeletal biology and genetic diseases of bone as well as for the advancement of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies. In the past few years, a considerable effort has been devoted to identifying and purifying skeletal stem cells and determining their contribution to bone formation and homeostasis. Here, we review recent progress in this area with particular emphasis on the discovery of specific SSC markers, their use in tracking the progression of cell populations along specific lineages and the regulation of SSCs in both the appendicular and cranial skeleton.
骨骼的发育和维持需要稳定的骨骼祖细胞来源，以提供骨骼和软骨生长发育所需的成骨细胞和软骨细胞。目前关于骨骼干细胞（SSCs）的模型认为，SSC/祖细胞存在于骨髓（BM）和其他成骨部位，如颅缝，在这些部位它们进行自我更新和分化，从而产生主要的骨骼组织。SSCs在理解骨骼生物学和骨骼遗传疾病以及推进骨组织工程和再生医学策略方面具有巨大潜力。在过去几年中，人们投入了大量精力来鉴定和纯化骨骼干细胞，并确定它们对骨形成和体内平衡的贡献。在此，我们综述该领域的最新进展，特别强调特定SSC标志物的发现、它们在追踪细胞群体沿特定谱系进展中的应用以及附肢骨骼和颅骨中SSCs的调控。
