Seok Sang Il, Grätzel Michael, Park Nam-Gyu
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea.
Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Small. 2018 May;14(20):e1704177. doi: 10.1002/smll.201704177. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
A perovskite solar cell (PSC) employing an organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite light harvester, seeded in 2009 with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8% and grown in 2011 with PCE of 6.5% in dye-sensitized solar cell structure, has received great attention since the breakthrough reports ≈10% efficient solid-state PCSs demonstrating 500 h stability. Developments of device layout and high-quality perovskite film eventually lead to a PCE over 22%. As of October 31, 2017, the highest PCE of 22.7% is listed in an efficiency chart provided by NREL. In this Review, the methodologies to obtain highly efficient PSCs are described in detail. In order to achieve a PCE of over 20% reproducibly, key technologies are disclosed from the viewpoint of precursor solution chemistry, processing for defect-free perovskite films, and passivation of grain boundaries. Understanding chemical species in precursor solution, crystal growth kinetics, light-matter interaction, and controlling defects is expected to give important insights into not only reproducible production of high PCE over 20% but also further enhancement of the PCE of PCSs.
一种采用有机-无机卤化铅钙钛矿光捕获剂的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC），于2009年首次报道，在染料敏化太阳能电池结构中的功率转换效率（PCE）为3.8%，2011年PCE达到6.5%。自从有报道称效率约为10%的固态PSC具有500小时的稳定性以来，这种电池受到了广泛关注。器件布局和高质量钙钛矿薄膜的发展最终使PCE超过了22%。截至2017年10月31日，美国国家可再生能源实验室（NREL）提供的效率图表中列出的最高PCE为22.7%。在本综述中，将详细描述获得高效PSC的方法。为了可重复地实现超过20%的PCE，从前驱体溶液化学、无缺陷钙钛矿薄膜的制备以及晶界钝化的角度揭示了关键技术。了解前驱体溶液中的化学物种、晶体生长动力学、光与物质的相互作用以及控制缺陷，不仅有望为可重复生产超过20%的高PCE提供重要见解，还能进一步提高PSC的PCE。
