Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
CIGRAS, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica; Food Security Center, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Food Res Int. 2018 Mar;105:645-653. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.041. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
Carotenoids and tocopherols were characterised in the meso- and exocarp of wild-growing Costa Rican Acrocomia aculeata fruits. Comprehensive profiling of these lipophilic micronutrients in fruits of three varying maturity stages was conducted for the first time. A method for the simultaneous extraction and quantitation of carotenoids and α-tocopherol was developed and validated. Detailed HPLC-DAD-APCI/ESI-MS analyses enabled the identification of α-tocopherol and 25 carotenoids. The latter comprised antheraxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, luteoxanthin, neoxanthin, phytoene, phytofluene, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and several (Z)-isomers of the aforementioned compounds. Quantitation by HPLC-DAD/FLD revealed total carotenoid concentrations of 872±178 and 3075±407μg/100g fresh weight in the meso- and exocarp of fully ripe fruits, respectively. In both fruit fractions, progressing maturation resulted in the accumulation of phytoene, phytofluene, (all-E)-zeaxanthin, (all-E)-antheraxanthin, and (all-E)-violaxanthin. Carotenoid profiling was supported by multivariate data analysis. Carotenoid precursors and xanthophyll cycle pigments characterised Macauba fruits of full maturity.
对野生生长的哥斯达黎加 Acrocomia aculeata 果实的中果皮和外果皮中的类胡萝卜素和生育酚进行了特征描述。首次对三种不同成熟阶段果实中的这些亲脂性微量营养素进行了综合分析。开发并验证了同时提取和定量测定类胡萝卜素和α-生育酚的方法。详细的 HPLC-DAD-APCI/ESI-MS 分析能够鉴定出α-生育酚和 25 种类胡萝卜素。后者包括花药黄质、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、叶黄素、新黄质、番茄红素、玉米黄质、紫黄质、玉米黄质、叶黄素，以及上述化合物的几种（Z）异构体。通过 HPLC-DAD/FLD 定量发现，完全成熟果实的中果皮和外果皮中总类胡萝卜素浓度分别为 872±178 和 3075±407μg/100g 鲜重。在这两个果实部分中，随着成熟度的提高，积累了番茄红素、玉米黄质、（全-E）-玉米黄质、（全-E）-花药黄质和（全-E）-紫黄质。多元数据分析支持类胡萝卜素分析。类胡萝卜素前体和叶黄素循环色素特征描述了成熟的 Macauba 果实。
