Coimbra Michelle C, Jorge Neuza
Department of Food Engineering and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil 15054-000.
J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Feb;92(3):679-84. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4630. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
Bioactive compounds are capable of providing health benefits, reducing disease incidence or favoring body functioning. There is a growing search for vegetable oils containing such compounds. This study aimed to characterize the pulp and kernel oils of the Brazilian palm species guariroba (Syagrus oleracea), jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana) and macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), aiming at possible uses in several industries.
Fatty acid composition, phenolic and carotenoid contents, tocopherol composition were evaluated. The majority of the fatty acids in pulps were oleic and linoleic; macaúba pulp contained 526 g kg⁻¹ of oleic acid. Lauric acid was detected in the kernels of all three species as the major saturated fatty acid, in amounts ranging from 325.8 to 424.3 g kg⁻¹. The jerivá pulp contained carotenoids and tocopherols on average of 1219 µg g⁻¹ and 323.50 mg kg⁻¹, respectively.
The pulps contained more unsaturated fatty acids than the kernels, mainly oleic and linoleic. Moreover, the pulps showed higher carotenoid and tocopherol contents. The kernels showed a predominance of saturated fatty acids, especially lauric acid. The fatty acid profiles of the kernels suggest that these oils may be better suited for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries than for use in foods.
生物活性化合物能够带来健康益处，降低疾病发病率或促进身体机能。对含有此类化合物的植物油的研究日益增多。本研究旨在对巴西棕榈物种瓜里罗巴（Syagrus oleracea）、杰里瓦（Syagrus romanzoffiana）和马卡乌巴（Acrocomia aculeata）的果肉油和果仁油进行表征，以期在多个行业实现可能的应用。
对脂肪酸组成、酚类和类胡萝卜素含量、生育酚组成进行了评估。果肉中的大多数脂肪酸为油酸和亚油酸；马卡乌巴果肉中油酸含量为526 g kg⁻¹。在所有三个物种的果仁中均检测到月桂酸作为主要饱和脂肪酸，含量在325.8至424.3 g kg⁻¹之间。杰里瓦果肉中类胡萝卜素和生育酚的平均含量分别为1219 µg g⁻¹和323.50 mg kg⁻¹。
果肉中的不饱和脂肪酸含量高于果仁，主要是油酸和亚油酸。此外，果肉中类胡萝卜素和生育酚含量更高。果仁中饱和脂肪酸占主导，尤其是月桂酸。果仁的脂肪酸谱表明，这些油可能更适合用于化妆品和制药行业，而非食品行业。
