Owie Emmanuel, Afolabi Bosede Bukola
a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Lagos University Teaching Hospital , Lagos , Nigeria.
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Jul;38(5):616-621. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1396299. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
We aimed to determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in order to make recommendations for Vitamin D supplementation, if necessary. It was a cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 12 months. Information such as use of Vitamin D supplements, number of daytime hours spent outdoors and dressing style was obtained from 166 pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria; maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D concentration was determined using ELISA. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) in the mothers and newborns was 4.8% and 29.5%, respectively, while insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL) was 28.3% and 46.1%, respectively. Vitamin D supplement use during pregnancy, daytime outdoor exposure and mothers' dressing style were significantly associated with maternal serum 25(OH)D concentration (p < .05). Our study showed that despite a sunny environment like ours, inadequate serum 25(OH)D concentration is still considerable among pregnant women and their newborns and suggests a need for Vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that plays a major role in maintaining pregnancy and ensuring adequate skeletal formation in the foetus. Studies have shown that there is high Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in the temperate regions of the world and thus Vitamin D supplements are being offered to these pregnant women. Studies have also shown that the foetal/neonatal serum Vitamin D level is a reflection of the maternal level. What the results of this study add? The results of this study adds that there may be some factors preventing adequate delivery of Vitamin D from the maternal circulation to the foetal circulation, because despite a low prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the mothers, their neonates had a high deficiency rate. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The implications of these findings are; further research is warranted in order to find what could be causing a reduced delivery of Vitamin D from the mothers to their foetuses, so as to prevent it if possible. Second, these findings suggest that our pregnant women should still receive a form of Vitamin D supplements, so as to raise their serum Vitamin D to a level which would guarantee optimal foetal concentration.
我们旨在确定孕妇及其新生儿中维生素D缺乏的患病率，以便在必要时为维生素D补充提出建议。这是一项为期12个月的横断面研究。从尼日利亚拉各斯的166名孕妇那里获取了诸如维生素D补充剂的使用情况、白天户外活动的时长以及着装风格等信息；采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测定母体和脐带血中25(OH)D的浓度。母亲和新生儿中维生素D缺乏（<20 ng/mL）的患病率分别为4.8%和29.5%，而维生素D不足（21 - 29 ng/mL）的患病率分别为28.3%和46.1%。孕期维生素D补充剂的使用、白天户外活动情况以及母亲的着装风格与母体血清25(OH)D浓度显著相关（p < 0.05）。我们的研究表明，尽管我们所处环境阳光充足，但孕妇及其新生儿中血清25(OH)D浓度不足的情况仍然相当严重，这表明孕妇需要补充维生素D。影响声明关于该主题已知的情况是什么？维生素D是一种必需维生素，在维持妊娠以及确保胎儿骨骼正常形成方面发挥着重要作用。研究表明，世界温带地区的孕妇维生素D缺乏情况严重，因此这些孕妇正在接受维生素D补充剂。研究还表明，胎儿/新生儿血清维生素D水平反映了母体水平。本研究结果补充了什么？本研究结果补充表明，可能存在一些因素阻碍维生素D从母体循环充分输送到胎儿循环，因为尽管母亲中维生素D缺乏的患病率较低，但其新生儿的缺乏率却很高。这些发现对临床实践和/或进一步研究有何意义？这些发现的意义在于：有必要进行进一步研究，以找出导致维生素D从母亲向胎儿输送减少的原因，以便尽可能预防这种情况。其次，这些发现表明我们的孕妇仍应接受某种形式的维生素D补充剂，以将其血清维生素D水平提高到能保证胎儿达到最佳浓度的水平。
