Department of Pediatrics, The Ministry of Health Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012 Jan;26(1):53-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01238.x. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Although Turkey is located in a sunny region, vitamin D deficiency is still a serious health problem in pregnant women and their infants, especially among the low socio-economic status Turkish population. This study was carried out in order to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentrations of the pregnant women in the last trimester and in their neonates at delivery and to determine the factors associated with maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Among the patients visiting the Ege Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in the period March to May 2008, 258 healthy pregnant women ≥37 weeks of gestation were included in this study. The information on different characteristics such as the number of pregnancies and births, nutritional status, vitamin and mineral support during gestation, educational status, clothing style and the economic level of the family was collected from women. Blood samples from the mothers and umbilical cord of the newborns were taken to measure 25(OH)D. The mean 25(OH)D concentrations of the mothers and their infants were 11.5 ± 5.4 ng/mL and 11.5 ± 6.8 ng/mL, respectively. We found a strong positive correlation between maternal serum and umbilical cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations (r = 0.651, P < 0.001). The concentration of 25(OH)D was ≤20 ng/mL in 233 mothers (90.3%) and ≤10 ng/mL in 130 mothers (50.4%). Maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations related strongly to factors such as uncovered dressing style, sufficient consumption of dairy products and multivitamin use during gestation (P < 0.05). About half (52.7%) of these women had a covered dressing style. 25(OH)D concentrations of these covered dressing mothers and their infants were 9.7 ± 5.1 ng/mL and 9.7 ± 5.6 ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower compared with those of uncovered mothers and their babies (P < 0.001). This study showed that, despite a sunny environment, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent among the mothers and their neonates. This is generally due to the life style and nutritional status of the mothers. These findings suggest that much more effective vitamin D prophylaxis programmes should be implemented for pregnant women as well as for their babies.
尽管土耳其地处阳光地带，但维生素 D 缺乏症仍然是孕妇及其婴儿的一个严重健康问题，尤其是在社会经济地位较低的土耳其人群中。本研究旨在测量最后三个月孕妇及其新生儿分娩时血清 25-羟维生素 D3 [25(OH)D]浓度，并确定与母体血清 25(OH)D 浓度相关的因素。在 2008 年 3 月至 5 月期间，研究人员在伊兹密尔妇产科医院就诊的患者中纳入了 258 名健康的孕 37 周以上的孕妇。从女性那里收集了有关不同特征的信息，例如怀孕和分娩次数、营养状况、孕期维生素和矿物质支持、教育程度、着装风格和家庭经济水平。从母亲和新生儿的脐带血中采集血样以测量 25(OH)D。母亲及其婴儿的平均 25(OH)D 浓度分别为 11.5 ± 5.4ng/mL 和 11.5 ± 6.8ng/mL。我们发现母体血清和脐带血 25(OH)D 浓度之间存在很强的正相关关系(r = 0.651，P < 0.001)。233 名母亲（90.3%）的 25(OH)D 浓度≤20ng/mL，130 名母亲（50.4%）的 25(OH)D 浓度≤10ng/mL。母体血清 25(OH)D 浓度与未遮盖着装风格、充分摄入乳制品和孕期使用多种维生素等因素密切相关（P < 0.05）。大约一半（52.7%）的女性着装风格未遮盖。这些着装风格遮盖的母亲及其婴儿的 25(OH)D 浓度分别为 9.7 ± 5.1ng/mL 和 9.7 ± 5.6ng/mL，明显低于未遮盖着装的母亲及其婴儿（P < 0.001）。本研究表明，尽管身处阳光地带，但维生素 D 缺乏和不足在母亲及其新生儿中仍非常普遍。这主要是由于母亲的生活方式和营养状况所致。这些发现表明，应针对孕妇及其婴儿实施更有效的维生素 D 预防计划。
