Dror Daphna K, King Janet C, Durand David J, Allen Lindsay H
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Jan;111(1):111-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.10.002.
There is little information on the contribution of modifiable vs nonmodifiable factors to maternal and neonatal vitamin D status in temperate regions of the United States. The purpose of this cross-sectional observation study conducted between December 2006 and February 2008 was to identify associations between observed and measured maternal characteristics and vitamin D status at term in pregnant women and their infants in a multiethnic community in Oakland, CA. Two hundred seventy-five pregnant women aged 18 to 45 years and carrying a singleton fetus were recruited and data from 210 mother-infant pairs were included in analyses. Analysis of covariance identified predictors of maternal and cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in a multivariate model considering vitamin D intake, lifestyle factors, and skin pigmentation. Maternal serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with season of delivery (P=0.0002), average daily D intake (P=0.0008), right upper inner arm pigmentation (P=0.0035), and maternal pre- or early-pregnancy body mass index (calculated as kg/m²) (P=0.0207). The same factors were significant for cord serum 25(OH)D, which was highly correlated with maternal serum 25(OH)D (r=0.79; P<0.0001). During the year, 54% of mothers and 90% of neonates had 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (<75 nmol/L). Of women taking daily prenatal vitamin/mineral supplements (400 IU vitamin D), 50.7% had serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (<75 nmol/L). In conclusion, 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (<75 nmol/L) was prevalent in mothers and neonates across racial groups and seasons, and vitamin D status was associated with both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.
在美国温带地区，关于可改变因素与不可改变因素对孕产妇及新生儿维生素D状况的影响，相关信息较少。本横断面观察性研究于2006年12月至2008年2月开展，目的是在加利福尼亚州奥克兰市的一个多民族社区中，确定观察到的和测量的孕产妇特征与足月孕妇及其婴儿的维生素D状况之间的关联。招募了275名年龄在18至45岁、怀有单胎胎儿的孕妇，分析纳入了210对母婴的数据。协方差分析在一个多变量模型中确定了孕产妇和脐带血清25-羟基维生素D [25(OH)D]的预测因素，该模型考虑了维生素D摄入量、生活方式因素和皮肤色素沉着。孕产妇血清25(OH)D与分娩季节（P = 0.0002）、每日平均维生素D摄入量（P = 0.0008）、右上臂内侧色素沉着（P = 0.0035）以及孕产妇孕前或孕早期体重指数（以kg/m²计算）（P = 0.0207）显著相关。相同的因素对脐带血清25(OH)D也有显著影响，脐带血清25(OH)D与孕产妇血清25(OH)D高度相关（r = 0.79；P < 0.0001）。在这一年中，54%的母亲和90%的新生儿25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL（< 75 nmol/L）。在每日服用产前维生素/矿物质补充剂（400 IU维生素D）的女性中，50.7%的血清25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL（< 75 nmol/L）。总之，25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL（< 75 nmol/L）在不同种族群体和季节的母亲及新生儿中普遍存在，且维生素D状况与可改变和不可改变的风险因素均相关。
