1Department of Veterinary Forensics, Law and Economics,University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest,István utca 2,H-1078Budapest,Hungary.
2Department of Biomathematics and Informatics,University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest,István utca 2,H-1078Budapest,Hungary.
Animal. 2018 Nov;12(11):2401-2406. doi: 10.1017/S1751731118000101. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
As a result of the increase in herd size and the intensification of production, the complexity of reproductive management has been growing in dairy herds. The aim of our study was to examine the associations of management practices and reproductive performance in Holstein cows on large commercial dairy farms. Management practices applied to cows were surveyed between 22 May and 6 November 2015 in 34 large Holstein-Friesian dairy herds in Hungary. Individual data of 23 784 cows that calved between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2014 in the surveyed herds were gathered. Associations between the management practices and the reproductive parameters were analyzed by mixed effects models. Regarding heat abatement we found that ventilation with sprinklers was associated with the shortest breeding interval (P0.05) results to lack of heat stress protection. It was also revealed, that lack of a well-established voluntary waiting period (VWP) or a VWP shorter than 50 days was associated with less days to first service (P<0.01), shorter breeding interval (P<0.01) and calving to conception interval (P<0.05), as well as higher odds of carrying a calf by 200 days in milk (P<0.01) compared with those using a VWP of at least 50 days. Those farms that applied transrectal ultrasonography were more likely to use ventilation with sprinklers (P<0.05), hormonal synchronization (P<0.01) and to perform early pregnancy diagnosis followed by pregnancy recheck (P<0.05). The application of transrectal ultrasonography with one of the aforementioned practices was associated with reduced days to first service (P<0.05), shorter breeding interval (P<0.05) and higher odds of pregnancy at 200 days in milk (P<0.05). Our study highlights the management practices most closely related to improved reproductive performance, which are, therefore, suggested to be applied on dairy farms, considering the local circumstances of the individual farms.
由于畜群规模的增加和生产的集约化，奶牛场的繁殖管理的复杂性一直在增加。我们的研究目的是研究大型商业奶牛场荷斯坦奶牛的管理实践和繁殖性能之间的关联。2015 年 5 月 22 日至 11 月 6 日期间，在匈牙利的 34 个大型荷斯坦-弗里生奶牛场调查了奶牛的管理实践。收集了在调查的牛群中于 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日之间分娩的 23784 头奶牛的个体数据。通过混合效应模型分析了管理实践与繁殖参数之间的关系。在降温方面，我们发现带有喷头的通风与最短的配种间隔（P<0.05）有关，这表明缺乏对热应激的保护。结果还表明，缺乏完善的自愿等待期（VWP）或 VWP 短于 50 天，与首次服务的天数较少（P<0.01）、配种间隔较短（P<0.01）和配种至受孕间隔较短（P<0.05）有关，以及在泌乳 200 天内怀孕的几率较高（P<0.01）与使用至少 50 天 VWP 的奶牛相比。那些应用直肠超声检查的农场更有可能使用喷头通风（P<0.05）、激素同步（P<0.01）和进行早期妊娠诊断，然后进行妊娠复查（P<0.05）。直肠超声检查与上述实践之一的应用与首次服务天数减少（P<0.05）、配种间隔缩短（P<0.05）和泌乳 200 天内怀孕几率增加（P<0.05）有关。我们的研究强调了与提高繁殖性能最密切相关的管理实践，因此，考虑到各个农场的当地情况，建议在奶牛场应用这些实践。
