Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans Street, Suite 7-125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans Street, Suite 7-125, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2018 Mar;39(1):211-222. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2017.11.009.
Tracheostomy tubes can be inserted surgically or percutaneously via percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT). Tracheostomy is performed for upper airway obstruction, though more often to allow prolonged mechanical ventilation in place of endotracheal tubes. Preparation, performance, and postoperative management for PDT are best provided by a multidisciplinary team. Although PDT is a safe procedure in the hands of experienced operators, both early and late complications can arise. Caution must also be taken during early tracheostomy tube exchange given that immaturity of the stomal tract can risk loss of the airway.
气管切开术套管可通过外科手术或经皮扩张气管切开术（PDT）经皮插入。气管切开术用于治疗上呼吸道阻塞，但更常用于代替气管内插管进行长时间机械通气。 PDT 的准备、操作和术后管理最好由多学科团队提供。尽管 PDT 在经验丰富的操作人员手中是一种安全的程序，但仍可能出现早期和晚期并发症。在早期进行气管切开套管更换时也必须小心谨慎，因为气管造口部位的不成熟可能会导致气道丢失的风险。
