Medizinische Klinik IExperimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Department of Molecular EndocrinologyCenter of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
J Mol Endocrinol. 2018 Apr;60(3):R157-R170. doi: 10.1530/JME-17-0319. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
Thyroid hormones (TH) are of central importance for thermogenesis, energy homeostasis and metabolism. Here, we will discuss these aspects by focussing on the physiological aspects of TH-dependent regulation in response to cold exposure and fasting, which will be compared to alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In particular, we will summarise current knowledge on regional thyroid hormone status in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral cells. In contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, where parallel changes are observed, local alterations in the CNS differ to peripheral compartments when induced by cold exposure or fasting. Cold exposure is associated with low hypothalamic TH concentrations but increased TH levels in the periphery. Fasting results in a reversed TH pattern. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism disrupt these fine-tuned adaptive mechanisms and both, the hypothalamus and the periphery, will have the same TH status. These important mechanisms need to be considered when discussing thyroid hormone replacement and other therapeutical interventions to modulate TH status.
甲状腺激素（TH）对产热、能量稳态和代谢至关重要。在这里，我们将通过关注冷暴露和禁食时 TH 依赖性调节的生理方面来讨论这些方面，并将其与原发性甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症的改变进行比较。特别是，我们将总结当前关于中枢神经系统（CNS）和外周细胞中局部甲状腺激素状态的知识。与甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症中观察到的平行变化相反，当由冷暴露或禁食诱导时，CNS 中的局部变化与外周隔室不同。冷暴露与下丘脑 TH 浓度降低但外周 TH 水平升高有关。禁食导致 TH 模式相反。原发性甲状腺功能减退症和甲状腺功能亢进症破坏了这些精细的适应机制，下丘脑和外周组织具有相同的 TH 状态。在讨论甲状腺激素替代和其他调节 TH 状态的治疗干预时，需要考虑这些重要机制。
