Jordakieva G, Grabovac I, Valic E, Schmidt K E, Graff A, Schuster A, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Oberhuber C, Scheiner O, Goll A, Godnic-Cvar J
1University Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2018 Feb 3;13:5. doi: 10.1186/s12995-018-0187-8. eCollection 2018.
Inhalation exposure to fine and ultrafine particles (UFPs) has been associated with respiratory diseases. However, little is known on the quality, threshold levels and concentration of these particles causing adverse health effects.
The impact of occupational exposure to submicrometer and UFPs was assessed in 30 healthy police shooting instructors by clinical investigation, self-assessment questionnaire, sputum and spirometry and compared to a control group. General laboratory chemistry parameters, circulating cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in serum were measured. UFP exposure was recorded by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer.
Concentrations of submicrometer sized airborne particles (< 700 nm) measured between 3.34 × 10/cm and 7.58 × 10/cm at shooting sites, with highest concentrations found in the UFP range (< 100 nm). The size of the monodispersed particles ranged from 54.74 ± 16.25 nm to 98.19 ± 22.83 nm. Short term exposure (4 h) to high levels of UFPs caused an increase of IFN-γ in exposed subjects ( = 0.022). 24 h after exposure a significant decrease of IgG, albumin fibrinogen and factor VII was found. Neither directly after 4 h of high levels UFPs exposure nor 24 h after exposure subjective complaints or objective measurements indicating adverse respiratory effects in exposed subjects were found.
No consistent indications for adverse respiratory or inflammatory effects directly following exposure and 24 h after exposure to high levels of UFPs in our study group were detected. However we showed the assessment of short-term exposure effects at a genuine occupational setting, which might is relevant when a risk assessment of high level occupational exposures to UFPs is considered.
吸入细颗粒物和超细颗粒物（UFPs）与呼吸系统疾病有关。然而，对于这些会导致不良健康影响的颗粒物的质量、阈值水平和浓度，人们了解甚少。
通过临床调查、自我评估问卷、痰液和肺活量测定法，对30名健康的警察射击教官职业暴露于亚微米颗粒和超细颗粒物的影响进行评估，并与对照组进行比较。测量血清中的一般实验室化学参数、循环细胞因子（白细胞介素[IL]-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、干扰素-γ[IFN-γ]）和粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）。通过扫描迁移率粒径分析仪记录超细颗粒物暴露情况。
在射击场测量的亚微米级空气颗粒物（<700nm）浓度在3.34×10/cm至7.58×10/cm之间，其中超细颗粒物范围（<100nm）内浓度最高。单分散颗粒的大小范围为54.74±16.25nm至98.19±22.83nm。短期暴露（4小时）于高水平的超细颗粒物会导致暴露受试者体内IFN-γ增加（P=0.022）。暴露24小时后，发现IgG、白蛋白、纤维蛋白原和因子VII显著下降。在高水平超细颗粒物暴露4小时后及暴露24小时后，均未发现暴露受试者有表明不良呼吸影响的主观主诉或客观测量结果。
在我们的研究组中，未检测到在暴露后及暴露于高水平超细颗粒物24小时后有一致的不良呼吸或炎症影响迹象。然而，我们展示了在真实职业环境中对短期暴露影响的评估，这在考虑对高水平职业暴露于超细颗粒物进行风险评估时可能是相关的。
