Berkman Elliot T, Hutcherson Cendri A, Livingston Jordan L, Kahn Lauren E, Inzlicht Michael
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2017;26(5):422-428. doi: 10.1177/0963721417704394. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
Self-control is often conceived as a battle between "hot" impulsive processes and "cold" deliberative ones. Heeding the angel on one shoulder leads to success; following the demon on the other leads to failure. Self-control like a duality. What if that sensation is misleading, and, despite how they feel, self-control decisions are just like any other choice? We argue that self-control is a form of wherein options are assigned a subjective value and a decision is made through a dynamic integration process. We articulate how a value-based choice model of self-control can capture its phenomenology and account for relevant behavioral and neuroscientific data. This conceptualization of self-control links divergent scientific approaches, allows for more robust and precise hypothesis testing, and suggests novel pathways to improve self-control.
自我控制通常被视为“热”冲动过程与“冷”深思熟虑过程之间的一场较量。听从一边肩膀上的天使会带来成功；追随另一边肩膀上的恶魔则会导致失败。自我控制就像一种二元性。要是那种感觉具有误导性，并且不管人们的感受如何，自我控制决策就如同其他任何选择一样，那又会怎样呢？我们认为，自我控制是一种选择形式，其中选项被赋予主观价值，并通过动态整合过程做出决策。我们阐述了基于价值的自我控制选择模型如何能够捕捉其现象学特征并解释相关的行为和神经科学数据。这种对自我控制的概念化将不同的科学方法联系起来，允许进行更有力和精确的假设检验，并提出了改善自我控制的新途径。
