Benito-Leon J
Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Madrid, Espana.
Rev Neurol. 2018 Feb 16;66(4):125-134.
The study of the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential because it is a public health problem and because the differences in its prevalence and incidence offer clues as to the existence of aetiologically important environmental or biological factors.
To report the most relevant data about the descriptive epidemiology (prevalence, incidence and mortality) of PD from studies conducted in different countries, with special emphasis on those carried out in Spain and Latin America. Likewise, the study also includes a discussion of some of the main risk factors or protectors of this disease (analytical epidemiology) that have emerged thanks to the data obtained from large cohorts in the literature.
We conduct an analysis of the most significant population-based studies, focusing especially on those conducted using the 'door-to-door' methodology.
Its prevalence and incidence vary greatly around the world. In general, prevalence is higher in Europe and the United States than in other countries and is relatively uniform, fluctuating over a range that is not very noteworthy. In Asian, Latin American and African countries it is lower, especially in this last continent. These differences could be partly due to the specific factors of the population studied (that is to say, higher mortality rate due to lower economic resources). The most firmly established risk factors are ageing and being male.
帕金森病（PD）的流行病学研究至关重要，因为它是一个公共卫生问题，且其患病率和发病率的差异为病因学上重要的环境或生物学因素的存在提供了线索。
报告不同国家开展的关于PD描述性流行病学（患病率、发病率和死亡率）的最相关数据，特别强调在西班牙和拉丁美洲开展的研究。同样，本研究还讨论了由于从文献中的大型队列获得的数据而出现的该疾病的一些主要危险因素或保护因素（分析性流行病学）。
我们对最重要的基于人群的研究进行了分析，尤其关注那些采用“逐户访问”方法开展的研究。
其患病率和发病率在世界各地差异很大。总体而言，欧洲和美国的患病率高于其他国家，且相对较为一致，波动范围不太显著。在亚洲、拉丁美洲和非洲国家，患病率较低，尤其是在非洲大陆。这些差异可能部分归因于所研究人群的特定因素（也就是说，由于经济资源较低导致死亡率较高）。最确定的危险因素是老龄化和男性。
