Trujillo-Moya Carlos, George Jan-Peter, Fluch Silvia, Geburek Thomas, Grabner Michael, Karanitsch-Ackerl Sandra, Konrad Heino, Mayer Konrad, Sehr Eva Maria, Wischnitzki Elisabeth, Schueler Silvio
Department of Forest Genetics and.
Department of Forest Growth and Silviculture, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscapes, 1131 Vienna, Austria.
G3 (Bethesda). 2018 Mar 28;8(4):1225-1245. doi: 10.1534/g3.117.300524.
Norway spruce ( is by far the most important timber species in Europe, but its outstanding role in future forests is jeopardized by its high sensitivity to drought. We analyzed drought response of Norway spruce at the warmest fringe of its natural range. Based on a 35-year old provenance experiment we tested for genetic variation among and within seed provenances across consecutively occurring strong drought events using dendroclimatic time series. Moreover, we tested for associations between ≈1,700 variable SNPs and traits related to drought response, wood characteristics and climate-growth relationships. We found significant adaptive genetic variation among provenances originating from the species' Alpine, Central and Southeastern European range. Genetic variation between individuals varied significantly among provenances explaining up to 44% of the phenotypic variation in drought response. Varying phenotypic correlations between drought response and wood traits confirmed differences in selection intensity among seed provenances. Significant associations were found between 29 SNPs and traits related to drought, climate-growth relationships and wood properties which explained between 11 and 43% of trait variation, though 12 of them were due to single individuals having extreme phenotypes of the respective trait. The majority of these SNPs are located within exons of genes and the most important ones are preferentially expressed in cambium and xylem expansion layers. Phenotype-genotype associations were stronger if only provenances with significant quantitative genetic variation in drought response were considered. The present study confirms the high adaptive variation of Norway spruce in Central and Southeastern Europe and demonstrates how quantitative genetic, dendroclimatic and genomic data can be linked to understand the genetic basis of adaptation to climate extremes in trees.
挪威云杉是欧洲迄今为止最重要的木材树种，但其对干旱的高度敏感性危及了它在未来森林中的突出地位。我们分析了挪威云杉在其自然分布范围最温暖边缘地区的干旱响应情况。基于一项有35年历史的种源试验，我们利用树木年轮气候学时间序列，测试了连续发生的严重干旱事件中不同种子种源之间以及种源内部的遗传变异。此外，我们还测试了约1700个可变单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与干旱响应、木材特性以及气候-生长关系相关性状之间的关联。我们发现，来自该物种阿尔卑斯山、中欧和东南欧分布范围的种源之间存在显著的适应性遗传变异。种源间个体的遗传变异差异显著，解释了干旱响应中高达44%的表型变异。干旱响应与木材性状之间不同的表型相关性证实了种子种源间选择强度的差异。在29个SNP与干旱、气候-生长关系和木材特性相关性状之间发现了显著关联，这些关联解释了11%至43%的性状变异，不过其中12个是由于单个个体具有相应性状的极端表型。这些SNP中的大多数位于基因外显子内，最重要的那些在形成层和木质部扩展层中优先表达。如果只考虑在干旱响应方面具有显著数量遗传变异的种源，表型-基因型关联会更强。本研究证实了中欧和东南欧挪威云杉具有高度的适应性变异，并展示了如何将数量遗传学、树木年轮气候学和基因组数据联系起来，以理解树木适应极端气候的遗传基础。
